Herbal Final Exam

Front 1

Artichoke

Back 1

Cynara scolymus

Hint 1

AC: Caffeoylquinic acids; chlorogenic acid and Cynarin

Front 2

Artichoke indication

Back 2

i. Digestive complaints (eg. stomach ache, nausea, vomiting, flatulence
ii. Adjuvant to a low fat diet in the treatment of mild to moderate hyperlipidemia

Hint 2

i. For lowering serum cholesterol, 1800 to 1920 mg/d in 2 to 3 divided doses
ii. The isolated constituent cynarin 60-1500 mg per day has been used to for cholesterol

Front 3

Hawthorn

Back 3

Crataegus species; C. monogyna, C. laevigate

Hint 3

Missori State flower

Front 4

Hawthorn active ingridient

Back 4

Rutin and vitexin

Hint 4

Vitexin : flowers and leaves : high in flavonoids and Fruits : contain lowest

Front 5

Hawthorn standardization

Back 5

international standardization recommendations range from 0.6~ 1.5% flavnoids, typically calculated as hypersosides

Hint 5

preperations based on hydroalcohoic extracts

Front 6

Hawthorn are indicated for

Back 6

Class II as defined by the NYHA

Hint 6

Compared to capropiril: no sig. difference. very well tolorated.

Front 7

Proanthocyanidins

Back 7

Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, astringent, cardioprotective, protect cell membranes

Front 8

dosing of hawthorn

Back 8

i. The dosage range recommended in review literature is 160-900 mg hawthorn extract per day in 2-3 divided doses (corresponding to 3.5-19.8mg flavonoids or 30-168.8mg oligomeric procyanidines). Some sources recommend a range of 240-480mg/day for extracts standardized to 18.75% oligomeric procyanidines

Front 9

Horse Chestnut

Back 9

(SN: Aesculus hippocastanum)

Front 10

Active compounds of Horse chestnut

Back 10

i. Terpenoid; Escin and Aescin
ii. Fatty acids (eg. Myristic, stearic, oleic and lauric acids)
iii. Coumarin derivatives (eg. Aesculin, from the bark, leaves, twigs)

Front 11

Horse chestnut standarization

Back 11

standardized to contain 16-20% triterpene glycosides calculated as escin (aescin) content

Front 12

Horse chestnut indication

Back 12

i. Treatment of chronic venous insufficiency (trial evidence)
ii. As an antiedemic
iii. Treatment of inflammatory conditions (sport injuries)
iv. Skin care products (cellulitis)
v. Treatment of hemorrhoids

Front 13

Horse chestnut clinical stuies comparing compression stocking class II and HCNE

Back 13

statistically singnificant

Front 14

Aesculin can causes

Back 14

dilation of pupils, diarrhea, vomiting, paralysis

Front 15

Chestnut side effects?

Back 15

i. Concomitant use of herbs that have constituents that might affect platelet aggregation could theoretically increase the risk of bleeding in some people