Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
99 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
cyst means :
|
sack
|
|
|
Which veins makeup the hepatic portal system?
|
inferior and superior mesenteric veins and the splenic vein
|
|
|
During an ERCP, what causes the biliary tree to have a curly appearance?
|
The valves in the cystic duct
|
|
|
The right and left hepatic duct come together to form the ________.
|
common hepatic duct
|
|
|
The common hepatic duct and the cystic duct come together to form the ________.
|
common bile duct
|
|
|
The pancreatic duct is also known as the :
|
duct of Wirsung
|
|
|
The pancreatic duct and the common bile duct join at the :
|
hepatopancreatic ampulla (ampulla of Vater)
|
|
|
The hepatopancreatic ampulla is also known as the :
|
ampulla of Vater
|
|
|
The hepatopancreatic sphicter is also known as the :
|
Sphincter of Oddi
|
|
|
The duodenal papilla is also known as the:
|
papilla of Vater
|
|
|
What is the exocrine function of the pancreas?
|
Production of digestive enzymes discharged through the pancreatic duct
|
|
|
What is the endocrine function of the pancreas?
|
Production of insulin and glucagon which specialized cells (Islets of Langerhans) secrete directly into the blood.
|
|
|
What is the modality of choice for gallbladder and biliary tree visualization?
|
Sonography
|
|
|
Radiopaque stones consist of :
|
Calcium
|
|
|
Radiolucent stones consist of :
|
bile salts/pigment and cholesterol
|
|
|
What quadrant is the liver located?
|
Right upper quadrant
|
|
|
What vessels supply blood to the liver?
|
Hepatic artery (from celiac axis) and portal vein (union of superior mesenteric and splenic veins)
|
|
|
What are the functions of the liver?
|
Metabolism
Synthesis of blood clotting substances Storage of vitamin B and minerals Detoxification of blood Excretion of undesirable substances Produce bile |
|
|
The gallbladder is found under what lobe of the liver?
|
Right
|
|
|
Bile release is triggered by :
|
CCK (cholecystokinin)
|
|
|
The common bile duct and the pancreatic duct come together to form the:
|
Ampulla of Vater
|
|
|
What is the function of the gallbladder?
|
Store and concentrate bile
|
|
|
Where is the pancreas located?
|
behind the stomach, crosses the left side of abdomen
|
|
|
During an oral cholecystogram, we can proceed to step two if:
|
The gallbladder is visualized
and... No stones are present No ultrasound is scheduled No UGI to follow |
|
|
What is step two of an oral cholecystogram?
|
Fatty meal or CCK to stimulate bile production
|
|
|
What is the failure rate of an oral cholecystogram?
|
25% fail at first attempt
|
|
|
Why would a patient fail an oral cholecystogram?
|
Hepatobiliary disease
Obstruction (cystic stone) Chronic cholecystitis Vomiting Diarrhea |
|
|
Medical jaundice is caused by:
|
hemolytic or hepatocellular disease caused by damage done by cirrhosis or hepatitis
|
|
|
Surgical jaundice is caused by:
|
obstruction, such as blockage of the common bile duct caused by stones or masses
|
|
|
PTC best images:
|
distal duct obstruction
|
|
|
What therapeutic options are available during a PTC?
|
Drainage
Stone removal Stent placement Biopsy Dilatation |
|
|
What is an ERCP?
|
Fiberoptic scope to the 2nd portion of the duodenum to the papilla of vater. Contrast is injected retrograde into ampulla of Vater through sphincter of Oddi.
|
|
|
What therapeutic options are available during an ERCP?
|
Sphincterotomy
Stone extraction Stent placement Biliary dilatation Biopsy |
|
|
During operative cholangiography, where is the needle inserted?
|
Cystic duct
|
|
|
During what procedure may a T-Tube be placed for drainage?
|
operative cholangiogram
|
|
|
Sonography can demonstrate lesions in the liver greater than :
|
1 cm
|
|
|
True or false. CT is used for follow up and staging of liver masses.
|
True
|
|
|
The leading cause of death is cirrhosis in people ages :
|
45-65
|
|
|
How will shunts divert blood from the liver?
|
1/2 to splenic vein and 1/2 to the renal vein
|
|
|
What does thrombose mean?
|
clot
|
|
|
What causes ground glass appearance on an abdomen xray?
|
Cirrhosis causing ascites
|
|
|
What is viral hepatitis?
|
Excretion of bilirubin is impaired causing jaundice
Causes acute inflammation of the liver |
|
|
What is hepatitis A?
|
HAV is excreted in the GI tract and is spread by ingestion of contaminated material, very contagious
|
|
|
What is hepatitis B?
|
Transmitted via infected blood serum (same as HCV)
|
|
|
What is hepatitis C?
|
Transmitted via infected blood serum (same as HBV) and accounts for the majority of cases caused by blood transfusions
|
|
|
What is hepatomegaly?
|
Enlargement of the liver
|
|
|
Only ___ percent of gallstones have enough calcium to visualize on xray.
|
10
|
|
|
What view best seperates the kidney and gallbladder for better visualization?
|
Right later (placing part closest to IR)
|
|
|
What is cholelithiasis?
|
Gallstones
|
|
|
What is gallstone ileus?
|
When a stone erodes through wall creating fistula into duodenum - can become impacted and obstructing. usually occurs at the ileocecal valve. May cause air in the biliary tree.
|
|
|
What would a porcelin gallbladder indicate?
|
Chronic cholecystitis, may predispose adenocarcinoma
|
|
|
What enzyme causes autodigestion of the pancreas?
|
Trypsin
|
|
|
Trypsin may begin to autodigest if:
|
Pancreatitis is caused. May be caused by:
Alcohol consumption Obstruction of the ampulla of Vater Injection of contrast |
|
|
What is a hemangioma?
|
Benign tumor of newly formed blood vessels that are well circumscribed and solitary. most common tumor of the liver.
|
|
|
What is another name for hepatocellular adenoma?
|
Hepatoma
|
|
|
Liver carcinoma is caused by:
|
Hep B or C
Alcoholic cirrhosis |
|
|
What is the most common malignant tumor of the liver?
|
Hepatic metastases
|
|
|
What is the most common type of pancreatic cancer?
|
Adenocarcinoma (90%)
|
|
|
60% of pancreatic cancer is found :
|
in the head of the pancreas
|
|
|
Why would a transhepatic chole be performed for pancreatic cancer?
|
to determine if the biliary tree is involved
|
|
|
What is a pancreatic pseudocyst?
|
Loculated fluid collection caused by trauma or acute pancreatitis. May resolve on its own or need to be drained.
|
|
|
What is the best exam to visualize a pneumoperitoneum?
|
Upright
|
|
|
Why is a pneumoperitoneum better visualized on the right side?
|
stands out against the liver
|
|
|
What does iatrogenic mean?
|
adverse reaction to medication/treatment
|
|
|
If the patient is not able to stand, what image would best demonstrate a pneumoperitoneum?
|
Left lateral decub
|
|
|
What does TIPSS stand for?
|
transjugular intrahepatic portal systemic shunt
|
|
|
What is chemoembolization?
|
Agent mixed with radiopaque contrast
Catheter placed in hepatic artery Embolization agent injected |
|
|
Which is the most common malignant tumor of the liver?
|
Hepatic metastasis
|
|
|
Bile drains from the gallbladder directly into the:
|
cystic duct
|
|
|
Evaluation of pancreatic disease is best accomplished by contrast administered:
|
into adjacent structures
|
|
|
The introduction of electrical current within a tumor to destroy those cells is called:
|
ablation
|
|
|
The endocrine function of the pancreas is to produce:
|
hormones, glucagon and insulin
|
|
|
A common tumor of the liver which is a collection of blood vessels within a well circumscribed area is called:
|
hemangioma
|
|
|
In patients suffering from jaundice the yellow pigmentation of the skin and whites of the eyes are a result of:
|
inability of liver to dispose of excess bile pigment
|
|
|
Emphysematous gallbladder is directly related to
|
cholecystitis
|
|
|
A primary malignant tumor of the liver seen as a single large mass originating from liver parenchyma is:
|
hepatoma
|
|
|
We know that 25% of oral cholecystograms do not visualize in the first attempt. Identify all possible reasons listed for nonvisualization:
|
vomiting after taking contrast
diarrhea following contrast administration obstruction of the cystic duct chronic cholecystitis |
|
|
What patient position would best distinguish kidney stones from gallbladder stones?
|
lateral
|
|
|
Alcohol abuse was indicated as a contributing factor in all of the following except one; identify the one condition / pathology which is not alcohol related.
|
cholecystitis
|
|
|
Which of the following procedures is not a likely theraputic option in ERCP?
|
cholecystectomy
|
|
|
That type of jaundice resulting from stone or mass obstruction is called
|
surgical jaundice
|
|
|
What percentage of gall stones contain enough calcium to be visible on plain abdominal imaging?
|
10%
|
|
|
When normal hepatic parenchyma is being replaced with fibrous (scar) tissue a condition known as ___________ exists.
|
cirrhosis
|
|
|
Studies focusing on the form or function of the gallbladder or biliary tree are named according to:
|
route of administration of contrast and anatomy visualized
|
|
|
That term used to identify an abnormal fluid accumulation in the abdomen is,
|
ascites
|
|
|
Of those viral agents that cause hepatitis, which agent is contracted by ingestion?
|
Hep A
|
|
|
The release of bile into the duodemun is triggered by:
|
high fat meal and cholecystokinin
|
|
|
Identify that procedure which would not offer theraputic intervention as well as diagnosis.
|
Oral cholecystography
|
|
|
Gallstone ileus refers to impaction of a gallstone in the:
|
small bowel
|
|
|
85% of primary gallbladder cancers are:
|
adenocarcinoma
|
|
|
When would the high fatty meal, the second step in a oral cholecystogram be contraindicated?
|
When an UGI procedure has been scheduled immediately following OCG
|
|
|
Your patient history reads "suspected pneumoperitoneum". As you further evaluate your patient you notice that they are quadraplegic. What position will be preferred to demonstrate this condition if present?
|
left lateral decub abdomen
|
|
|
Esophageal varicies can be directly related to:
|
hepaticportal hypertension
|
|
|
That inflammatory process initiated by trypsin digesting tissues is:
|
pancreatitis
|
|
|
True or false. Pancreatitis may be an iatrogenic response to an ERCP.
|
True
|
|
|
Identify that term which does not relate to the pancreas
|
hepatoportal system
|
|
|
glucagon acts as an antagonist to _______
|
insulin
|
|
|
Another name for the anatomy which regulates release of bile from the biliary tree into duodemun is:
|
sphincter of Oddi
|
|
|
Gallstones are a common finding in carcinoma of the gallbladder, occuring in about _____of identified cancers.
|
75%
|
