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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where is bile produced?
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In the liver
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Where is bile stored?
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In the gallbladder
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How much bilecan the gallbladder hold?
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2 oz or 60 cc
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Meds are metabolized by the _______ and excreted by the _______?
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liver
kidneys |
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What are signs and symptomsofhigh amonialevles inthebody?
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Confusion
Loss of memorFy Forgetfullness |
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Whatis caused by high bilirubenin the blood?
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Jaundice
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From excessive RBC destruction
erythroblastosis fetalis (death from RBC destruction) |
Prehepatic
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Within the liver
Hepatitis or cirrhosis |
Intra Hepatic
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Obstruction of bile
cholithiasis (gall stones) |
Post Hepatic
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Bilirubenis attractedto elastic tissue.
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sclera of the eye.
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When does a person recieve Hepatitis vaccine?
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First injection, then 1 month later,then6months from 1st injection.
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Hepatitis A, route, incubation, seriological marker.
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Fecal-oral route
15-45 days incubation IgM |
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Hepatitis B incubation, serological markers.
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40-180 days
HBcAG, HBeAG, HBsAG |
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How big will the area be after titer if antibodies present?
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640:1
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What are main causes of Hepatitis C?
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Blood and body fluids
tattoos and drugs |
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Where is hepatitis D mostly found?
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In drug users.
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How does cirrhosis effect aldosterone levels?
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The aldosterone levels decrease.
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How does albumin and aldosterone effect ascites?
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Aldosterone may causethe bp to rise with ascites so they are to stay in lyingposition.
Albumin is given to maintain effective circulating volume. |
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icchymosis is bruising from what?
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d?effiency ofvitamin K
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How does B12 and folic acid deffiency effect hemoglobin?
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Causes low hemoglobin which leads to anemia.
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What causes testicular atrophy?
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to much estrogen
not enough testosterone |
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Normal potassium level
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3.5-4.5
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Lowpotassiumis hypokalemia
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relates to aldosterone
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What is the first change in liver with alcohol?
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fibrotic and necrotic
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Hepatic Encepalopathy is from what?
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High amonia levels
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How does a pt act with hepatic Encepalopathy?
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confused
impaired memory early sign is personality change |
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How does lactulose work?
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Draws amonia from stool, side effect is stinky poop.
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How do you know if lactulose is working?
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Drop inamonia levels.
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Neomyacin reduces what in intestines?
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Bacteria
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Hepatic Encepalopathy cannot have what?
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narcotics because of OD
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Cirrhosis from severe hepatitis is what?
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Biliary Cirrhosis
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Liver function test in ptwith viral hepatitis is what?
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Serum Transamanase
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What are signs and symptoms of a fatty liver? (accumulation of fat in hepatocytes or called steatosis
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Liver becomes yellowand enlarges,excessive fat accumulation s&s are:asymtomatic or nonspecific symptoms
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What causes portal HTN?
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obstruction of blood flow
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What is the most commoncause of Laennec's cirrhosis?
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alcohol
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What is saltfor albumin?
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Is a volume expander given for hypovolemia, salt poor given forthose with saltrestriction.
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Why are diuretics given to pts with liver failure?
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Prevent further ascites
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What is esophageal varicies is not treated?
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Will rupture and pt could die.
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What is the procedure calledthat removesfluid from ascites?
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paracentesis
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ascites maintained by what?
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Measurement of abdominal girth.
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common side effect of paracentesis is?
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Bleeding
Infection |
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Portal HTn
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sleepomegely
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What is asterixis
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flapping tremors with hepatic encephalophy
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What is suspectedneurotoxin for asterixix?
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High amonia levels, treated with neomyacin to eridacate bacteria from the bowels.
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Lactulose causes what
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Large loose stoolswith low pH.
catabolizes amonia |
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can you have liver cancer by itsself?
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It is rareto have alone.
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Not functioning at 50% or better, bile thick
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Sludge
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Sludge causes what?
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gallbladder to adhere to liver, causes cancer and choliectitis.
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