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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Hemorrhage?
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Occurs when there is a disruption or leak in the Vascular system. Can be Internal and External.
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External Hemorrhage
Serioussnes of injury depends on what 3 factors |
Results from soft tissue injuries
1. anatomical source- arterial, venous, capillary. 2. Degree of cascular disruption 3. amount of blood loss patient can tolerate |
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Internal Hemorrhage
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Resulting from Blunt/ Penetrating Injury, Acute chronic illness
Internal Bleeding can occur in chest abdomen, pelvis, retroperitoneum |
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Signs symptoms of Internal Hem
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1.Bright red blood from mouth, rectu, or other orfice
2. vomiting cofee grounds 3. Melena- Black, tarry stools 4. Hematochezia-passage of blood through rectum 5. Dizziness/syncope on sitting or standing 6. Orthostatic hypotension |
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Define Hemostasis
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Cessation of bleeding by chemical means
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To achieve adequate oxygenation 3 parts of the cardiovascular system must work
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the Heart, Vasculature, and Lungs
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Define Shock
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A condition where insufficient blood flow reaches the body tissues
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What are the four stages of Shock?
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1= Initial
2= Compensatory 3= Decompensating 4= Irreversible |
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What are the 4 types of Shock?
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1= Distributive Shock
2= Obstructive Shock 3= Cardiogenic Shock 4= Hypovolemic Shock |
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The loss of competency of the vasculature.
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Define Distributive Shock
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What are the 3 types of Distributive Shock.
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1= Septic
2= Anaphylactic 3= Neurogenic |
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What causes Septic Shock?
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An overwhelming infection leading to vasodilation.
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What causes Neurogenic Shock?
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It is caused by trauma to the spinal cord resulting in the sudden loss of autonomic and motor reflexes below the injury level.
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What causes Anaphylactic Shock?
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Caused by a severe reaction to an allergen, antigen, drug or foreign protein.
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Define Obstructive Shock
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The loss of pathway
(flow of blood is obstructed which impedes circulation) |
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What causes Obstructive Shock?
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1= airway obstruction
2= cardiac tamponade 3= tension pneumothorax |
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Define Cardiogenic Shock
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Failure of the heart to pump effectively
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What causes Cardiogenic Shock?
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Large myocardial infarction, non-perfusing arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, congestive heart failure (CHF), cardiac valve problems, trauma, tuberculosis sequelae.
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Define Hypovolemic Shock
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Loss of volume
(insufficient circulating volume) |
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What causes Hypovolemic Shock?
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Burns, hemorrhage, splentic rupture, trauma, extensive bleeding.
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Loss of competency of the vasulature is _______ shock.
Loss of pathways is ______ shock. Loss of pump action by the heart is _______ shock. Loss of volume is _______ shock. |
1= Distributive
2= Obstructive 3= Cardiogenic 4= Hypovolemic |
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Wbat is the general management for shock?
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1. establish oxygenation
2. Stop obvious hemorrhage 3. Gain IV access 4. Administer appropriate fluids 5. Correct metabolic acidosis 6. Monitor cardiac rhythm 7. Insert Urinary catheter 8. Consider PASG |
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How do you manage Septic Shock?
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1. Fluid replacement therapy
2. Inotropic agents 3. Antibiotic therapy 4. Corticosteroids 5. Heparin 6. Possible surgical measures |
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How do you manage Neurogenic shock?
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1. Volume replacement
2. Pressors 3. Positioning |
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How do you manage Anaphylatic shock?
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1. Remove causation agent
2. Epinephrine 3. Diphenhydramine 4. Steriods 5. Bronchodilators |
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How do you manage Cardiogenic shock?
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1. General shock management
2. Monitor urine output 3. treat/reverse dysrhythmias |
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How do you manage Hypovolemic Shock?
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1. Fluid Resuscitation
2. Blood replacement 3. Surgical measures |
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What are 4 types of afferent signals that operate in shock?
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-Pain
-Hypovolemia -O2, CO2, H+ -Protein signals |
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What happens when lactate builds up?
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Acidosis which worsens enzymatic processes
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