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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Poikilocytosis, an increase in the number of abnormally shaped red blood cells, is commonly seen as a sign of what type of anemia?
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iron-deficiency anemia.
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What is polycythemia Vera
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excess red blood cells production as a result of an abnormality of the bone marrow
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What are some common findings with polycythemia vera
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splenomegaly
pruritis hyperuricemia |
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what type of anemia is pernicious anemia? Macrocytic or microcytic
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Macrocytic; the MCV can be as high as 150 fL.
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What can result from G6PD deficiency?
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can develop hemolytic anemia, jaundice and symptoms of hemolysis in response to a number of causes.
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What test allows classification as either a microcytic anemia (below normal range) or macrocytic anemia (above normal range).
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MCV - mean corpuscular volume
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what is the normal MCV range?
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80-96 fL.
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what type of anemia is pernicious anemia? Macrocytic or microcytic
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Macrocytic; the MCV can be as high as 150 fL.
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What type of anemia is iron deficiency anemia?
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Microcytic; MCV is usually low around 60 to 70 fL.
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what other conditions can affect the MCV?
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alcoholism, thalassemia and reticulocytosis
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what are the symptoms of acute lymphocytic leukemia
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fatigue
fever infection bruisin, bleeding, petechiae SOB enlarged lymph nodes, liver, spleen joint pain |
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which chromosomal abnormality is associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia
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Philadelphia Chromosome or translocation
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what is a leukemoid reaction?
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a leukocytosis exceeding 50,000 WBC/mm3 with a significant increase in early neutrophil precursors
Commonly seen in CML |
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what type of leukemia is assoc. with Auer rods
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AML - Acute Myeloid Leukemia
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What are the symptoms of Acute myeloid leukemia
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fever, fatigue, weight loss or loss of appetite, SOB anemia, easy bruising or bleeding, petechiae, bone pain, joint pain and persistent or frequent infections.
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what type of anemia would give you these symptoms:
fatigue hair loss paleness Macrocytic anemia red tongue |
pernicious anemia
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this is a type of cancer of plasma cells
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Multiple myeloma
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What are some symptoms of multiple myeloma?
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CRAB
C = Calcium (elevated) R = Renal failure A = Anemia B = Bone lesions also spinal cord compression hyperviscosity syndrome |
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what are 3 common causes of thrombocytopenia
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1. prosthetic cardiac valves
2. idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) 3. TTP- Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic purpura |
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what are 2 causes of megaloblastic anemias
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B12 deficiency
folate deficiency |
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what conditions are associated with B12 deficiency?
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1. partial gastrectomy
2. Crohn's disease |
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what are 3 diseases assoc. with hemolytic anemia
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hereditary spherocytosis
G6PD deficiency thalassemia |
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what is the presentation of CML
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presentation of CML commonly includes splenomegaly, profound leukocytosis,presence of Philadelphia chromosome, and symptoms of hypermetabolism
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what type of anemia would have:
< H/H < MCV Normal WBC and platelets MicrocytIc hypochromic Low reticulocyte count |
iron deficiency anemia
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name 3 types of normocytic anemia
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Acute blood loss
Anemia of chronic disease (can be microcytic also) Aplastic anemia |
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name 2 macrocytic anemias
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megaloblastic
pernicious |
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which test is used to determine if the patient has pernicious anemia
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Schilling Test
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Symptoms of acute lymphoblastic leukemia
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fatigue
anemia unexplained fever/infections joint pain bruisin,bleeding,petechiae organomegaly/lymphadenopathy |
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How would the H/H levels look with pernicious anemia?
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Elevated hemoglobin and hematocrit
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Strict vegetarians are at higher risk for what type of anemia?
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Megaloblastic anemia
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name two hemoglobinapathies
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sickle cell
thalassemia |
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Name the Microcytic anemias
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TAILS
T - Thalassemia A - Anemia of chronic disease I - Iron deficiency anemia L - Lead toxicity associated anemia S - Sideroblastic anemia |
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Name the Macrocytic anemia
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Megaloblastic anemia
Pernicious anemias |
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what is coombs test?
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used to test for hemolytic anemia
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when would you see a high reticulocyte count?
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in hemolytic anemia
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what is Coombs test
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used to detect antibodies in the diagnosis of immune-mediated hemolytic anaemias.
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which factor is assoc. with Hemophilia A?
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Factor VIII
Also vWD |
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Which factor is assoc. with Hemophilia B?
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Factor IX
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which condition causes bleeding into the joints and soft tissues and muscles?
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Hemophilia
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CLL normally affects which age group?
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older adults, mostly asymptomatic
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ALL and AML normally affects which age group?
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Kids
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A hyperviscosity syndrome will most likely be caused by what conditions?
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Polycythemia Vera or severe hyperglycemia
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what type of anemia would pregnant women, children and menstruating women most likely have?
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iron defiencey anemia
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what type of anemia occurs in patients with chronic inflammatory, infectious, malignant, and autoimmune diseases
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The anemia of chronic disease
It's assoc. with EPO deficiency or resistance as well as poor iron incorporation into developing erythrocytes |
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what are the 2 components of the coagulation cascade
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platelets and plasma proteins (coagulation factors)
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Factor S
Factor C Antithrombin III Plasminogen Plasmin All these are? |
anticoagulant proteins that participate in thrombolysis
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where does factor VIII derived from?
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platelets and vascular endothelial cells
This factor participates in the binding of platelets |
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a deficiency of CoFactor VIII is called?
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vWD
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Which factors make up the coagulation complex?
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Factor V, X, Ca, Platelets
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what type of problems will B12 deficiency cause?
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neuro problems, parasthesias in extremities, HTN, dementia
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Name the Normocytic anemias
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Aplastic anemias
Anemia of chronic disease Renal failure Spherocytosis |
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Hemoglobin Electrophoresis
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Used to differentiate between hemoglobinopathies
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Elevated serum total protein
Rouleaux on periph smear Hx of recurrent bacterial infections |
Multiple myeloma: plasma cell disorder; defective immune system
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what is the MCC of hemolytic anemia world wide?
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Malaria
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a pt with anemia and rouleux formation; what do you suspect?
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Hyperviscosity syndrome
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what are the Vit K dependent clotting factors?
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1972
II, VII, IX, X |
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What is the most important aspect of treating DIC?
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Attempting to correct the underlying disorder (usually septic shock).
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What is the characteristic bone marrow finding in ITP?
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Increased or normal megakaryocytes
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What is the progression of biochemical and hematological events in iron deficiency anemia?
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Decreased serum ferritin, then decreased serum iron and total iron binding capacity, followed by a fall in MCV and MCH, and a rise in RDW
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what is a complication from chronic transfusion therapy for thalassemia?
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Hemosiderosis
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which anti-microbial has great potential to cause aplastic anemia?
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Chloramphenicol
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T/F ITP may be assoc. with Lupus
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True
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