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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are 3 etiologies of anemia?
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Hemolysis
Impaired production Bleeding |
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MCC of iron deficiency anemia?
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occult blood loss
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how are platelets evaluated?
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bleeding time
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what are the 2 antibodies involved in immune mediated hemolytic anemia
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IgM
IgG |
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what is metrorrhagia?
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uterine bleeding occuring at irregular intervals
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this measures the anticoagulant effect of warfarin and Vitamin K
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Prothrombin time (PT)
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which factors are measured by PT?
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Fibrinogen
Prothrombin Factors: V, VII, IX, X |
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what is Homan's sign?
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Pain on dorsiflexion of the foot, used to detect DVT, however it is not specific
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what's the MCC of DIC?
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Obstetric complications (post pregnancy)
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HELLP
Hemolytic anemia Elevated Liver enzymes Low Platelets These are signs of what condition? |
DIC-Diseminated Intravascular Coagulation, also called consumptive coagulopathy
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abnormal levels of urea, creatinine, and other waste compounds in the blood as a result of insufficient filtering of the blood by the kidneys
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Azotemia
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what is the difference between uremia and azotemia
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Both involve high levels of urea in the blood, however, uremia presents with symptoms, extreme elevation of BUN, and indicates advanced renal damage
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what's the difference between HUS and TTP
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TTP has more Neurological manifestations
HUS has an extreme elevation of BUN and occurs more in kids |
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what are 3 signs of HUS?
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Thrombocytopenia
Hemolytic anemia Renal failure |
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which leukemia can give you a profound leukomoid reaction?
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CML
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a deficiency in this factor can lead to a hypercoagulable state
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Factor V
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what are the S/Sx of sickle cell anemia?
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Fatigue
Icteric sclera SOB Chest Pain Dehydration |
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what lab test will be elevated with a hemolytic condition
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Reticulocyte count
Unconguated Bilirubin LDH |
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A macrocytic anemia assoc. with loss of taste and atrophy of the tongue mucosa
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B12 deficiency anemia
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what are some causes of >LDH, >bilirubin, > reticulocyte (hemolytic)
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Malaria
Drug reactions Blood transfusions DIC |
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what is the Antiphospholipid syndrome
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a disorder of coagulation which causes thrombosis in both arteries and veins, as well as recurrent miscarriage.
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what is Idiopathic or Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
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low platelet count as a result of antibodies attacking platelets
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name some conditions assoc. with ITP
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Lupus
Meds:Quinine,heparin Leukemia |
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what are the 2 general forms of hypercoagulable states?
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1.Increased platelet function
2.Accelerated Activity of the clotting system |
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which inherited defect predisposes to venous thrombosis?
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The Leiden mutation (factor V mutation)
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which conditions promote hypercoagulability states?
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PPOCIOS
Pregnancy Post surgery Oral contraceptives CHF Immobility Smoking Obesity |
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what are the most common manifestations of Antiphospholipid syndrome?
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Venous and arterial thrombosis and recurrent fetal loss
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name 2 drugs assoc. with causing thrombocytopenia
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Quinidine
Heparin (HIT) |
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This is an autoimmune disorder resulting in platelet antibody formation and excess destruction of platelets
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ITP- Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
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This disorder is a combination of thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, renal failure, fever, and neurologic abnormalities
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TTP- Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
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which liver factors require vitamin K for their synthesis?
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prothrombin
Factors: VII, IX, X |
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where is vitamin K synthesized?
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in the intestines by intestinal flora, therefore antibiotics can destroy normal flora and reduce production of vit K and its dependent factors
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