Heme/onc Path

Front 1

microcytic, hypochromic anemia

Back 1

fe def
thalassemia (target cells)
pb poisoning, sideroblastic anemia
anemia of chronic dz

Front 2

fe def

Back 2

decreased serum iron, ferritin
increased TIBC

Front 3

anemia of chronic dz

Back 3

decreased TIBC
increased ferritin, storage iron in marrow macrophages

Front 4

vit B12 and folate def are associated with

Back 4

hypersegmeneted polys

Front 5

vit B12 def

Back 5

neurologic problems

Front 6

macrocytic anemia

Back 6

megaloblastic (vit B12, folate def)
drugs that block DNA synthesis
marked reticulocytosis

Front 7

normocytic, normochromic anemia

Back 7

acute hemorrhage, enzyme defects, RBC membrane defects, BM disorders, hemoglobinopathies, AI hemolytic anemia, ACD

Front 8

basophilic stippling

Back 8

associated with lead poisoning
denatured RNA because you inhibt breakdown

Front 9

ferritin

Back 9

iron-protein complex (ferric acid, apoferritin)
cellular storage protein for fe
acute phase reactant
(increased in infection, inflamm)

Front 10

transferrin

Back 10

protein that binds ferric molecules and transports them through the plasma
synthesized in the liver
t1/2 = 8 d
increased in fe def

Front 11

direct coombs

Back 11

immune mediated hemolytic anemia
+: hemolytic dz of newborn, DI AI hemolytic anemia, hemolytic transfusion reactions

Front 12

indirect coombs

Back 12

+: AB to forein blood (used to test for prior transfusion), screening for maternal antibodies to fetus blood

Front 13

cold agglutinins

Back 13

IgM; infections with myco pneumo, EBV mono, malignancies
hemolytic anemia when its cold out

Front 14

warm agglutinins

Back 14

IgG antibodies that react against RBC protein antigens at body temperature
seen in congenital immune abnl, virsuses (mono, HIV), SLE, malignancy (CLL, NHL)

Front 15

aplastic anemia

Back 15

pancytopenia: anemia, neutropenia, TCP

Front 16

causes of aplastic anemia

Back 16

radiation, benezene, chloramphenicol, alkylating agents, antimetabolites, viral agents (parvo B19, EBV, HIV), fanconi's anemia (DEB test), idiopathic

Front 17

sxs of aplastic anemia

Back 17

fatigue, malaise, pallor, purpura, mucosal bleeding, petechiae, infection

Front 18

complications of sickle cell anemia

Back 18

aplastic crisis (due to parvo B19), autosplenectomy, increased risk of encapsulated organism infection, salmonella osteomyelitis, painful crisis, splenic sequestration

Front 19

tx for sickle cell anemia

Back 19

hydroxyurea (increases fetal hb) and BMT

Front 20

increased EPesis shows

Back 20

crew cut on skull- due to marrow expansion

Front 21

sickle cell heterozygotes

Back 21

relatively malaria resistant

Front 22

HbS mutation

Back 22

single AA replacement in beta chain (substitution of normal glutamic acid with valine)

Front 23

HbC

Back 23

defect in different beta chain; patients have milder disease

Front 24

alpha thal

Back 24

alpha globin chain is underproduced; prevalent in Asia and africa

Front 25

HbH

Back 25

only one alpha

Front 26

Hb barts

Back 26

no alphas- hydrop fetalis and IU fetal death

Front 27

beta thal

Back 27

minor- heterozygote
major- no beta chain
common in mediterranian populations

Front 28

beta thal major complications

Back 28

severe anemia requiring blood transfusions; cardiac failure due to secondary hemochromatosis
marrow expansion
target cell, anisocytosis, poikilocytosis

Front 29

AI anemia

Back 29

extravasc hemoylsis
coombs positive

Front 30

direct coombs

Back 30

antiIg Ab added to pts RBCs agglutinate if RBCs are coated with Ig

Front 31

indirect Coombs

Back 31

normal RBCs added to pts serum agglutinate if sterum has antiRBC surface Ig

Front 32

erythroblastosis fetalis

Back 32

seen in newborn due to Rh or other blood antigen incompatibility- mothers antibodies attack fetal RBCs

Front 33

hereditary spherocytosis

Back 33

intrinsic, extravasc hemolysis due to spectrin or ankyrin defect
RBCs are small and round with no central pallor- less membrane- increased MCHC and RDW
removal of spleen will help

Front 34

paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

Back 34

intravasc hemoylsis due to membrane defect-->increased sensitivity of RBCs to lytic activity of complement

Front 35

microangiopathic anemia

Back 35

intravasc hemolysis seen in DIC, TTP/HUS, SLE or malignant hypertension
Schistocytes (helmet cells) seen on blood smear

Front 36

DIC

Back 36

activation of coag cascade leading to microthrombi and global consumption of platelets, fibrin, coag factors

Front 37

Lab findings DIC

Back 37

increased PT, PTT, fibrin split products (D-dimers)
decreased platelet count
helmet cells and schistocytes on blood smear

Front 38

ITP

Back 38

antiplatelet AB, increased MKC
tx: steroids, IV Ig, splenectomy

Front 39

TTP

Back 39

schistocytes, increased LDH, neuro and renal symtpoms, fever, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia

Front 40

drugs

Back 40

immunosuppressive agents, heparin, H2 blockers

Front 41

Platelet abnl

Back 41

ITP, TTP, DIC, aplastic anemia, drugs
microhemorrhage: mucus membrane bleeding, epistaxis, petechiae, purpura, increased bleeding time

Front 42

coag factor defects

Back 42

hemophilia A/B, vWf disease
macrohemorrhage: hemarthroses, easy bruising, increased PT and/or PTT

Front 43

vW dx

Back 43

ristocetin test- platelets will aggregate

Front 44

vit K def

Back 44

increased PT, PTT

Front 45

platelet defects

Back 45

increased bleeding time

Front 46

TCP

Back 46

decr platelet count, increased bleeding time

Front 47

hemophilia

Back 47

increased PTT

Front 48

vwF disase

Back 48

increased bleeding time, increased PTT