Heme/onc Pathology - Bleeding Disorders

Front 1

PT - pathway tested and factors

Back 1

Tests extrinsic pathway; I, II, V, VII, X

Front 2

PTT - pathway tested and factors

Back 2

Tests intrinsic pathway; all factors except VII, XIII

Front 3

Hemophilia A/B - deficiency and clinical signs

Back 3

A: VIII deficiency ,B: IX deficiency; hemarthroses, easy bruising

Front 4

Hemophilia A/B PT and PTT times

Back 4

PT normal, PTT increased (extrinsic factors affected)

Front 5

Vit K deficiency - enzyme and factors affected

Back 5

Epoxide reductase; II, VII, IX, X, C, S

Front 6

Vit K deficiency PT and PTT times

Back 6

PT increased, PTT increased (general clotting factor deficiency)

Front 7

Bernard-Soulier features and lab values

Back 7

Gp Ib deficiency - defect in platelet-vWF adhesion, no platelet plug; PC decreased, BT increased

Front 8

Glanzmann's thrombasthenia

Back 8

Gp IIb/IIIa deficiency - no platelet-platelet aggregation

Front 9

Glanzmann's thrombasthenia PC and BT values

Back 9

PC: normal
BT: increased

Front 10

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)

Back 10

Anti-Gp IIb/IIIa antibodies; splenic macrophages destroy platelet-antibody complex; PC decreased, BT increased

Front 11

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)

Back 11

vWF metalloprotease deficiency; increased platelet aggregation, thombosis; decreased PC, increased BT

Front 12

Glanzmann's thrombasthenia - lab findings

Back 12

Blood smear with no platelet clumping

Front 13

ITP characteristic lab findings

Back 13

Increased megakaryocytes

Front 14

TTP characteristic lab findings

Back 14

Schistocytes, increased LDH

Front 15

TTP symptoms (5)

Back 15

Neurologic, kidney symptoms, fever, thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia

Front 16

von Willibrand's disease

Back 16

Most common, autosomal dominant; vWF deficiency - defect in platelet-vWF adhesion, intrinsic pathway defect (vWF carries factor VIII)

Front 17

von Willibrand's disease diagnostic assay

Back 17

Ristocetin cofactor assay

Front 18

von Willibrand's treatment

Back 18

DDAVP (desmopressin) - releases vWF from endothelium

Front 19

von Willibrand's PC/BT/PT/PTT values

Back 19

PC: normal; BT: increased; PT: normal; PTT: normal/increased

Front 20

DIC

Back 20

Widespread clotting activation leading to clotting deficiency, massive hemorrhage

Front 21

DIC PC/BT/PT/PTT values

Back 21

PC: decreased; BT: increased; PT: increased; PTT: increased

Front 22

DIC causes ("STOP Making New Thrombi")

Back 22

Sepsis, Trauma, Obstretics, Pancreatitis, Malignancy, Nephrotic syndrome, Transfusion

Front 23

DIC lab findings

Back 23

Schistocytes, D-Dimers (fibrin split products), decreased fibrinogen, decreased V and VIII

Front 24

Factor V Leiden

Back 24

Factor V resistant to degradation by Protein C; most common inherited hypercoagulability

Front 25

Prothrombin gene mutation

Back 25

Mutation in 3' untranslated region --> Prothrombin production --> Venous clots

Front 26

Antithrombin deficiency

Back 26

Hypercoagulatbility state; PTT rise is blunted after heparin

Front 27

Protein C+S deficiency

Back 27

Decreased V, VIII inactivation; Increased thrombotic skin necrosis with hemorrhage after warfarin administration

Front 28

Packed RBC effect, clinical use

Back 28

Increase Hb, O2 capacity; acute blood loss, severe anemia

Front 29

Transfused platelets clinical use

Back 29

Stop significant bleeding

Front 30

Fresh frozen plasma effect and clinical use

Back 30

Increase coagulation factor levels; DIC, cirrhosis, warfarin overdose

Front 31

Cryoprecipitate effect and clinical use

Back 31

Contains fibrinogen, VIII, XIII, vWF, fibronectin; treat coagulation factor deficiencies

Front 32

Blood transfusion risks

Back 32

Infection (low), transfusion reactions, Fe overload, hypocalcemia, hyperkalemia