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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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True or false. Hematopoietic neoplasm is common.
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False, uncommon but it exists
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What is leukemia?
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A neoplastic proliferation of hematopoietic cells that are usually released into the peripheral blood.
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What are the 2 types of leukemia?
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Myeloproliferative leukemia
Lymphoproliferative leukemia |
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Myeloproliferative leukemia is neoplasia of what cell types?
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Neoplasia of granulocytes, monocytes, erythrocytes and/or megakaryocytes (myeloid cell line)
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True or false. Myeloproliferative leukemia can be neoplasia of a combination of cell types.
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True e.g. myelomonocytic
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What is lymphoproliferative leukemia?
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Leukemia of lymphocytes
-Includes: acute lymphocytic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and multiple myeloma. |
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What are the 3 types of lymphoproliferative leukemia?
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Acute, chronic, plasma cell
-Acute lymphocytic leukemia -Chronic lymphocytic leukemia -Multiple myeloma (leukemia of plasma cells) |
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What will you see on a blood smear of an animal with leukemia of erythrocytes?
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Numerous circulating immature erythrocytes with other evidence of regeneration; nucleated RBCs
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What is myeloproliferative disease?
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A general term that refers to any neoplastic disorder of non-lymphoid blood cells
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Myeloproliferative disease is most common in what animal? Why?
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Cats, probably because of FelV
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What is a lymphoproliferative disease?
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Any neoplastic proliferation of lymphocytes
-Lymphoproliferative leukemia is a subset of this |
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What is acute lymphocytic leukemia?
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A leukemia that has predominantly very immature blast cells (lymphoblasts)
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True or false. Acute leukemia is a very fatal and rapid disease if not successfully treated.
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True
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What is chronic leukemia?
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Type of leukemia where cells are well-differentiated even though they're neoplastic.
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True or false. Chronic leukemia is a very fatal and rapid disease if not successfully treated.
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False, chronic leukemia patients can live for some time even without treatment.
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What are myelodysplastic syndromes?
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A group of disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and abnormalities of blood cells in blood or bone marrow.
-Can be preneoplastic |
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What are 2 examples of lymphoproliferative disease?
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Lymphoma
Lymphocytic or lymphoid leukemia |
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What is lymphoma?
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Neoplasia of lymphoid cells from lymph node or other solid tissues (Liver, GIT, spleen)
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When do leukemic cells circulate in an animal with lymphoma?
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When it metastasizes to the bone marrow leukemic cells circulation (Stage V)
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True or false. It is much less common for a lymphoma patient to develop secondary solid tumors.
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False, it is much less common for lymphocytic leukemia patients to develop secondary solid tumors
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What is lymphocytic leukemia?
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A form of hematopoietic neoplasia in which neoplastic lymphocytes are present in peripheral blood and/or bone marrow
-Almost always arises in bone marrow |
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What is the hallmark of acute lymphocytic leukemia?
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Presence of lymphoblasts in blood and bone marrow
-Lymphoblasts are medium to large & have nucleoli |
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What characterizes chronic lymphocytic leukemia?
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Lymphocytes are small, mature and well-differentiated
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What animals is chronic lymphocytic leukemia most common in?
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Dogs & humans
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True or false. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is often just an incidental finding.
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True and patients often die of something else
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What is normally found on a CBC of a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia?
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Lymphocytosis=10,000-100,000
-Generally mature, normal looking lymphocytes |
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True or false. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is most often B lymphocytes.
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False, most often T lymphocytes
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It can be hard to distinguish chronic lymphocytic leukemia from what other cells?
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Reactive lymphocytosis
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True or false. Large granular lymphoma/leukemia is not very common.
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True
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What cells are neoplastic with large granular lymphoma?
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T cells or NK cells -unusual form of lymphocytic leukemia
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What are plasma cells?
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Antibody producing lymphocytes
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What is multiple myeloma?
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Form of plasma cell neoplasia with proliferation at multiple sites in the bone marrow
-Includes production of excessive amounts of immunoglobulins |
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What are the lab features of multiple myeloma?
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-Pancytopenia (Anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia), increased plasma cells in bone marrow
-Osteolytic lesions -Serum hyperproteinemia -Monoclonal gammopathy -Bence-Jones proteinuria (immunoglobulin light chains detected in urine) |
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How do animals with multiple myeloma usually present?
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For lameness and then as palpate all of a sudden will have a painful area
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What will you see on a bone marrow aspirate of an animal with multiple myeloma?
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Lots of plasma cells and some of them will be abnormal
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How can you diagnose a gammopathy?
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Protein electrophoresis-will see if monoclonal or polyclonal
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What is a monoclonal gammopathy?
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Way too much of one type of antibody being produced.
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What are the diagnostic criteria for multiple myeloma where 3 of 4 need to be present to confirm the diagnosis?
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1) Monoclonal gammopathy
2) Bence-Jones proteinuria 3) Radiographic evidence of osteolysis 4) > 15-20% plasma cells in bone marrow (usually less than 5%) |
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What is Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia?
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A form of multiple myeloma with IgM produced
-IgM molecules are large enough to cause hyperviscosity syndrome |
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Where are plasmacytomas located?
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Focal tumors of bone or soft tissues
-when plasma cells become neoplastic don't always circulate but can make focal tumors |
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What are 3 myeloproliferative disorders?
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1) Acute myeloproliferative disorders
2) Chronic myeloproliferative disorder 3) Myelodysplastic syndromes |
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What are the classification schemes of myeloproliferative disorders?
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Based on number and morphology of cells in blood and bone marrow
-Classification helps determine prognosis and treatment |
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What are 7 acute myeloproliferative disorders?
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1) Acute undifferentiated
2) Acute myeloblastic leukemia 3) Promyelocytic leukemia 4) Myelomonocytic leukemia 5) Monocytic leukemia 6) Erythroleukemia 7) Megakaryocytic leukemia |
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True or false. Acute myeloproliferative disorders are generally a poor prognosis.
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True
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What are 7 chronic myeloproliferative disorders?
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1) Chronic granulocytic leukemia
2) Chronic eosinophilic leukemia 3) Chronic basophilic leukemia 4) Chronic monocytic leukemia 5) Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia 6) Polycythemia vera- uncontrolled over production of RBCs 7) Essential thrombocythemia-neoplasia of megakaryocytes characterized by marked thrombocytosis |
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What does the lab work of myelodysplastic syndromes appear?
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-Variable cytopenias
-*Morphologic abnormalities in blood cells in bone marrow -May include non-regenerative anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia or combos |
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True or false. Myelodysplastic syndromes may progress to leukemia.
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True
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What does mast cell leukemia have to be distinguished from?
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Solid mast cells tumors that are metastasizing
-Few circulating mast cells are seen in other conditions |
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What is histiocytic neoplasia?
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Abnormal proliferation of histiocytes (macrophages and dendritic cells)
Group of disorders that include malignant and benign |
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The histiocytic sarcoma complex was first described in what dog?
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Bernese mountain dogs, but in many breeds
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Histiocytic neoplasia causes lesions in what 5 locations?
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1) Liver
2) Spleen 3) Lymph nodes 4) Lung 5) Bone marrow |
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Why is anemia common with histiocytic neoplasia?
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Because the neoplastic cells often phagocytize RBCs
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What are 2 disorders of histiocytes that do not affect the bone marrow?
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1) Canine cutaneous histiocytoma
2) Cutaneous histiocytosis |
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What do you do if an animal gets a cutaneous histiocytoma?
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Nothing, it will go away
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