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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When there are no cells, clotting factors, or clotting proteins, what do we have?
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Serum!q
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Plasm has...
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clotting factors and clotting proteins! No RBC though.
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When a pt is bleeding due to a lack of clotting factors we transfuse...
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fresh frozen plasma!
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In week 2 of the embryo where are RBCs being made?
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Yolk sac aka mesoblastic phase (blood islands = immature RBC)
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At 6 weeks where are RBC being made?
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Liver (hepatic phase).
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Where else are RBC made in the second trimester?
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Spleen! Splenic phase.
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At the end of the 2nd trimester where are RBC being made
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Bone marrow (myeloid phase)
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Where are RBCs ultimately made?
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Long bone hematopoiesis gets replaced by the sternum and pelvic bones (fatty replacement in long bones)
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What elements does the bone marrow have to aid in RBC production?
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supporting structures like stromal stem cells and trabeculae. Trabeculae reach into BM and are the support and stromal cells have long branches that come off cytoplasm that interconnect and make a framework which is where the island of hematopoietic cells sit
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Where are megakaryocytes?
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Sit next to blood vessels and extend into cytoplasm. They split up and become platelets. NOT AN ACTUAL CELL.
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What are the two pathways a hematopoietic stem cell can go down?
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Myeloid or Lymphoid. Less able to self regenerate the further down the line they go.
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What are some myeloid cells?
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eosin, platelet, RBC, neutrophil, monocyte
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Lymphoid cells?
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T, B, NK
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What do we call cells in between the progenitor stage and the neutrophil or any end of the line cell?
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Precursors (unipotent) compared to progenitor which is multipotent! Does not include monocytes/megakaryocytes
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What is the general pattern for developing cells? Size.. etc?
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for example (proerythroblast --> erythroblast) cells get smaller as they mature and is true for all. Ratio of nucleus to cytoplasm changes and originally they have huge nuclei and huge cytoplasm.
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What is a reticulocyte?
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RBC pumped out a few days early usually due to anemia.
Also stab/band is a WBC produced early, perhaps due to infection |
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What is another name for a neutrophil?
When do they increase? |
PMN
Due to infection. PUS. |
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What is the primary lymphoid cell seen in circulation?
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T cell! B cells become plasma cells and secrete certain Abs.
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What do plasma cells look like?
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Fried egg. Nucleus off to side and chromatin is clumped and CLOCKED FACE.
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What cells do not have granules?
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Lymphocytes or monocytes. Light blue cytoplasm. Round nucleus around the size of a RBC.
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What does a monocyte look like
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kidney shaped nucleus. bigger. more cytoplasm.
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What are characteristics of the lymphocytes?
Neutrophil Eosinophil Basophil |
N- pale blue and pink granules in cytoplasm and nucleus with many lobes
E- red, binds eosin and has bilobed nucleus B- dark blue/black granules and can often not see nucleus (S shaped) also have histamine to release |
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What are the % of cells in a blood count?
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60% neutrophils, 30% lymphocytes, 5% eosinophils, small basophil amount.
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What does collagen on the basement membrane do when endothelium is damaged?
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Acts like velcro for platelets. Release substance to cause aggregation and they stick together. Endothelium also releases substances that promote clotting.
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What hold the clot together?
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platelets, RBC, fibrin, etc.
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What is petechiae?
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little bruises can be caused by rupture of BV
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