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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is hematopoiesis? |
The process by which hematopoietic stem cells (hsc) develop into mature blood cells |
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what do cmp cells give rise to? |
common myeloid-erythroid progenitor cells give rise to all red blood cells (erythroid lineage) and granulocytes, monocytes and macrophages (the myeloid lineage) |
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what do clp cells give rise to? |
common lymphoid progenitor cells give rise B and T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. |
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what are dendritic cells and where do they evolve from? |
Both myeloid and lymphoid lineages give rise to these cells. These cells are antigen presenting cells with diverse features and functions that play an important role in initiating adaptive immune responses. |
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What does the transcriptional factor GATA-2 do? |
it is required for the development of all hematopoietic lineages; in its absence animals die during embryogenesis. |
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What is Bmi-1 required for? |
It is required for the self renewal capacity of HSCs, and in its absence animals die within 2 months of birth because of the failure to repopulate their red and white blood cells. |
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Name two families of transcriptional regulators that have very specific effects on hematopoiesis. |
Ikaros and Notch |
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Granulocytes |
Part of the innate immune system. They are white blood cells or leukocytes. include neutrophils, basophils, mast cells and eosinophils. They have all multi-lobed nuclei. Cytoplasm is full of granules.
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The granules in granulocytes |
Some damage pathogens directly. Some regulate trafficking and activity of other white blood cells including lymphocytes. Some contribute to the remodelling of tissue at the site of infection.
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Neutrophils |
Make up the majority of circulating leukocytes. After differentiation in the bone marrow they circulate for 7 to 10 hours before migrating to the tissues. They respond to chemokines. When they are elevated this is a sign of infection. They can also generate chemokines once they have engulfed a pathogen.
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Basophils |
non phagocytic granulocytes. They release the contents of their granules in response to binding of circulating antibodies. They release histamine which increases blood vessel permeability and smooth muscle activity. Criticial in our response to parasites.
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Mast Cells |
Found in tissue. Release histamine.
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Eosinophils |
Motile phagocytic cells. cluster around parasites. Contribute to asthma and allergy symptoms. |
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What is an APC |
Antigen presenting cell |
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Phagocytic cells that have APC function too. |
monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells |
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Myeloid APCs |
Cellular bridges between the innate and adaptive immune systems because they make contact with a pathogen at the site of infection and communicate this encounter to T lymphocytes in the lymph node.
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