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34 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Hematopoesis pre parturition
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Yolk sac first trimester
liver throughout spleen second trimester |
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Hemato. post parturition
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Bone marrow
(tibia drops off at 20 femur at 25) vertebral column-sternum-ribs |
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Stages of Hemato(3)
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Mesoblastic
Hepatic Myeloid |
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Mesoblastic Phase
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3-9 weeks gestation
blood islands from mesoderm of yolk sac primitive blood vessel formation primitive erythroblasts |
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Hepatic phase
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4th week till birth
migration of erythroblasts to liver definitive erythropoesis spleen, lymph nodes, thymus |
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Myeloid phase
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4-5 month
medullary (myeloid) hematopoeisis of early skeletal development |
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Newborn facts
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higher RBC count and hemoglobin
lungs go from 45 to 95 O2 sat this decreases blood dev. through puberty marrow red other marrow goes yellow can revert back extramedullary hemato. may occur when marrow is exceeded---except thymus |
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Bone marrow
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highly cellular LCT with hemato and vascular compartments
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hemato- cords of blood cells with stroma of retics and pacmans
they move into sinusoids to traverse endothelial lining to gain entry into peripheral circulation vascular compartment is nutrient artery, arterioles, sinusoids, central longitudinal vein |
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Pleuripotent stem cell
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goes to unipotent stem cell (Colony forming units---CFU)-------
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specific blood cell line
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Erytrhopoietin
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glycoprotein
stimualtes stem cell differentiation. (proerythroblasts) produced in kidney produced in response to changes in tissue O2 tension, blood flow, hemoglobin conc. o2 saturation renal insufficiency is often asociated with decreased this eleveated seen in renal carcinomas, hepatic carcinomas called polycthemia |
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Erythropoiesis
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RBC formation 3-7 days
mostly erythroblasts and myeloblasts make up 25-30 erythro surround macrophage (erythroblastic island) thought to recieve iron from macrophage |
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erythroblastic island
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erythroblasts surrounding macrophage
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Pronormoblast (proerythroblast)
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unipotent cell derived from pluripotent
nucleus- reddish blue, chromatin more defined mitotic large nucleolu basophilic rRNA royal blue cytoplasm |
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basophilic normoblast (basophilic erythroblast)
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nucleus dark sploches
cytoplasm more red no cytoplasmic granules mitotic |
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polychromatophilic normoblast (erythroblast)
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checkerboard pattern of chromatin
cytoplasm red blue last erythroblastic stage capable of mitosis little holes in euchromatin pencil |
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orthochromatic normoblast (erythroblast)
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nucleus pyknotic, eccentrically placed
cytoplasm red purple due to hemoglobin |
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reticulocyte
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nucleus gone
cytoplasm red purple may contain granulofilamentous material residual RNA mito released in general circulation |
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erythrocyte
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RBC
biconcave disc six to 8 microns micro- less that 6 macro- more than 10 eosinophilic cytoplasm due to hemoglobin little, if any,residual stuff lifespan 100-120 days |
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Granulopoiesis
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WBC 2-3 weeks
develop as nest of cells adjacent to trabeculae and sinuses not as distinct as RBC island |
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myeloblast
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looks the same as pronormoblast
unipotent nucleus- round light reddish purple fine chromatin blue cytoplasm, granular mitotic |
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promyleocyte
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GRANULES
nucleus large round reddish blue cytoplasm blue with azurophilic granules mitotic |
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neutrophilic myelocyte
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nucleus- round, oval or slightly indented on one side
cytoplasm-DAWN OF NEUTROPHILIA first apperance of neutrophilic secondary granules adjacent to nucleus last myeloblastic stage capable of mitosis |
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Neutrophilic metamyelocyte
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indented kidney bean nucleus
larger sun cytoplasm numerous neutrophilic granules outnumber azurophilic rarely seen in circulation of normal may be seen in myelocytic hyperplasia |
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Neutrophilic band
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nucleus- very indented horseshoe very dense
cytoplasm numerous evenly distributed neutrophilic granules can be found in general circulation |
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neutrophil (segmented polymorphonuclear leukocyte PMN)
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nucleus seperated into 2-4 lobes linked by thin strands
cytoplasm numerous evenly distributed neutrophilic granules azurophilic granules there but hard to see |
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Maturation of lymphocytees monocytes
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lymphoblasts are found in clusters throughout bone marrow
monocytes found in bone marrow monoblast---promonocyte----monocyte mature moncytes enter cirucliaton for 12-24 hours then the enter CT. here the are macrophages or histiocytes. |
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Megakaryocte
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platelets from here
Diff from megakaryoblasts Single large nucleus with multiple nucleoli Lots of DNA replication without division polyploid irregular. 30 times as much DNA adjacent to enothelium and sinusoids cytoplasmic processes extend through the sinus wall to release platelets. Normally in Bone Marrow |
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Normal blood analysis
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plasma-fibrin clot coagulants
serum |
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Hematocrit (cell volume) men v. women
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Men-47%
Women-42% RBC men- 4.2-5.9 million/uL women- 4.2-5.4 million .5-2.7 reticulocytes |
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CBC
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complete blood count
percents of (5) |
neutrophil-50-70 (4,400)
basophil-(.5) (5) eosinophil 1-4% (200) lymphocyte 20-40 (2500) monocyte 2-8 (300 |
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Differential count
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refers to percentages of white cells
uses romanovsky (wrights stain) counting done with hemocytometer average of 250,000 platelets |
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Shift to the left
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large number of immature cells sugesting unusual demand for granulocytes (infection)
leukemia |
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shift to the right
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pernicious anemia (old cells
hypersegmented neutrophils |
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BvT cell
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only with monoclonal antibodies that recognize T surface antigen usual ratio of circulating T cells is 60-88 and B cells 5-25
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