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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where does hematopoiesis occur during development, delineate by periods of dominance.
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1 trimester - yolk sac from blood cell islands
2 trimester - liver, spleen, thymus 3 trimester - bone marrow (red bone marrow) |
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What is yellow bone marrow and is it healthy?
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proliferation of adipose, yes it is normal, it is bad sign if it starts disappearing
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Contents of bone marrow:
a connective tissue type of capillary? what is an island and what holds it all together |
adipocytes
sinusoidal cells with a shared lineage, at different stages of development, organized around stromal support cells and reticular fibers reticular cells and fibers |
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What regulates the rate of maturation of hematopoietic cells?
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stromal cells getting signals from the periphery
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What is the lineage of stem cell progression?
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totipotent -> pluripotent -> multipotent -> Progenitor -> BFU (burst forming unit) -> CFU (colony forming unit, transit amplifying) -> blast -> cyte cells
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What are the white spaces in bone marrow?
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adipocytes
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What does a successful bone marrow transplant require?
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early and late stem cells to be present
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What do earlier cells in the lineage have an abundance of, and what does it change to as the line matures?
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RNA (basophilic) -> eosinophilic (pink) protein
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What is the lineage for B & T lymphocytes?
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pluripotent -> lymphoid multipotent -> (migrate to lymphoid organs) -> lymphocyte-colongy forming cell (LCFC) -> lymphoblast -> Band T lymphocytes
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What is the lineage for erythrocytes?
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pluripotent -> myeloid multipotential cells -> erythrocyte-colony-forming cell (ECFC) -> erythroblast -> erythrocyte
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What is the lineage of the megakaryocyte?
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pluripotent cell -> myeloid multipotential -> Megakaryoctye forming cell -> Megakaryoblast -> Megakaryocyte
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What is the lineage of a monocyte?
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pluripotent cell -> myeloid multipotential cell -> MGCFC -> monocyte colony forming cell (MCFC) -> promonocyte- monocyte
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What is the lineage for the Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils?
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pluripotent cell -> myeloid multipotential cell -> XXX colony forming cell -> XXX myelocyte -> XXX granulocyte
For XXX enter basophillic, eosinophillic, or neutrophillic |
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From proerythroblast to erythrocyte what is the lineage/
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proerythroblast -> Basophilic erythroblast -> Polychromatophilic erythroblast -> orthochromatophilic erythroplast -> Reticuloctye -> erythrocyte
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What factors are observed as red blood cells mature?
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get smaller, nuclear chromatin condenses, nuclear diameter decreases, hemoglobin accumulates (turns red), ribosomes decline (less basophilia) nucleus ejected
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Characteristics of proerythroblasts?
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Large cell
large, centrally located, pale-staining nucleus a little deep, navy blue cytoplasm mitotically active (unipotential stem cells) |
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Characteristics of basophilic erythroblasts?
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patchy chromatin
Has a small light region in the perinuclear area with hemoglobin can do mitosis |
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Characteristics of polychromatophillic erythroblasts
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Significant hemoglobin
cytoplasm is a muddy gray due to red and blue staining nucleus is smaller, chromatin is fairly condensed with a checkerboard pattern Can still make hemoglobin and divide |
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Orthochromatophillic erythroblasts (Normoblast)
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Chromatin very condensed making nucleus appear black, nucleus can be eccentrically placed
Cannot divide, stage ends with expulsion of nucleus |
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Characteristics of Reticulocytes
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1-2% of RBCs in blood
mature in first 24-48 hours in circulation mature by ejecting or digesting remaining organelles and assumption of biconcave shape |
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What does the dye cresyl blue allow you to see in reticulocytes?
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Residual polyribosomes
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What is leukopoeisis and what does it encompass?
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white blood cell formation, both granulopoiesis and agranulopoiesis
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What 3 cell types are produces in granulopoiesis?
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neutrophils, basophils and eosinophils
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Characteristics of myeloblasts
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large, spherical euchromatic nucleus with several nucleoli
cytoplast lacks granules and is more basophilic than that of their CFU precursors but less basophilic than proerythroblast cytoplasm |
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Characteristics of promyelocytes?
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chromatin is a little more condensed, spherical nuclei often flattened on one side, cytoplasm is more basopilic than that of myeloblasts and may contain azurophilic granules (lysosomes)
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What are azurophilic granules?
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lysosomes
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Characteristics of myelocytes
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First stage that allows differentiation into the 3 granuloctye types. nuclei are oval shaped, and chromatin is more condensed
can divide |
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Characteristics of metamyelocytes?
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more granules, nucleus is indented resembling a kidney bean
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At what stage of development is mitotic ability lost in erythrocytes and granuloctyes?
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orthochromatophillic erythroblast (normoblast), Metamyelocytes
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Characteristics of band cells?
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Horseshoe shaped nuclei with an indentation that crosses the midline
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What are the two agranulopoiesis cell types?
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monocytes and lymphocytes...
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What are the stages of thrombopoiesis?
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CFU -> megakaryoblasts -> megakaryoctyes -> platelets
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Where are lymphocytes and monocytes terminally differentiated? What does a Beta cell become?
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Outside of bone marrow
Plasma cell |
