Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Granulocytes
|
Basophils
Eosinophils Neutrophils |
|
|
Agranulocytes
|
Lymphocytes and Monocytes
|
|
|
Plasma Cells
|
Specialized B-Lymphocytes that produce antibodies
|
|
|
Non-Neoplastic Disorders of WBCs
|
Leukopenia
Reactive Leukocytosis Reactive Lymphadenopathy |
|
|
Leukopenia
|
Decrease in peripheral WBC's especially NEUTROPHILS
Caused by: Inadequate or ineffective production of WBC's Accelerated removal or destruction of neutrophiles Patients are more susceptible to infections |
|
|
Agranulocytosis
|
Severe leukopenia where few granulocytes are produced
|
|
|
Reactive Leukocytosis
|
Increase in WBCs
Inflammatory reaction which may mimic leukemia |
|
|
Infections Mononucleosis
|
Acute, self limiting disease caused by EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS
Kissing disease POSITIVE HETEROPHIL REACTION (Monospot Test) |
|
|
Reactive Lympadenopathy
|
Enlarged lymph nodes due to an immune response.
Acute=TENDER node Chronic=NON-TENDER node |
|
|
Neoplastic Diseases of WBCs
|
Leukemias usually involve the bone marrow and peripheral blood.
Lymphomas present as TUMOR MASSES in nodes or other organs Ionizing Raditaion, alkylating agents, and some viruses are associated with increase risk. |
|
|
Lymphomas
|
80% come from B-Cells
2 Categories Hodgkin Non-Hodgkin All are monoclonal, and some mimic leukemia due to marrow involvement. |
|
|
Hodgkin Lymphoma
|
Malignant Reed-Sternberg Cells (B-cell origin)
Primarily involves lymphoid tissue in a single node or chain of nodes Painless enlargement of nodes EBV in 40-50% of cases Prognosis depends on staging, survival rate is pretty good (80-90%) |
|
|
Lymphoblastic Lymphoma
|
Childhood malignancy from primitive lymphoid cells.
Rapidly becomes ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA (ALL) |
|
|
Follicular Lymphoma
|
40% of non-hodgkin lymphomas
Translocation is common Small cleaved B-Cells arranged in nodular architecture COMPATIBLE WITH LONG LIFE |
|
|
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphomas
|
50% of all non-hodgkin lymphomas.
Rapidly enlarging painful single node or mass. 50% involve Waldeyer's ring. Rapidly fatal unless treated with chemo |
|
|
Burkitts Lymphoma
|
High-grade B-cell lymphoma (possibly the FASTEST GROWING HUMAN TUMOR)
Tumor of kids and Teens Endemic or sporadic STARRY SKY appearance Good response to chemo, fatal otherwise |
|
|
Endemic (African) Burkitt's Lymphoma
|
Younger kids (7 y.o.)
Predilection for jaws, but maxilla more often. 90% associate with EBV |
|
|
Sporadic (American) Burkitt's Lymphoma
|
Greater age range than endemic form
Usually an abdominal mass, but can involve jaws Less association with EBV |
|
|
Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT) Lymphoma
|
Low-grade B-cell lymphoma in the GI tract
Peyer's Patches, Waldeyer's ring, etc. |
|
|
Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma
|
CD4+T-cell infiltrate in the epidermis
CEREBRIFORM nuclei INCURABLE |
|
|
Leukemias
|
Malignant Hematopoietic neoplasms with replacement of the marrow.
Can also infiltrate other tissues. Classed by cell type involved and maturity stage WBC ELEVATED Crowded marrow may result in myelophthisic anemia |
|
|
Acute Leukemia Characterization
|
Abrupt Onset
Bone Pain Generalized lymphadenopathy and hapatosplenomegaly Headache, vomiting, neuro symptoms Blasts in peripheral circulation |
|
|
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
|
80% of childhood leukemias
B-cell origin Children fare better than adults or infants |
|
|
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
|
Patients usually over 50
B-cell origin Can become high-grade malignancies 4-6 year survival time |
|
|
Acute Myeloblastic (Myelogenous) Leukemia (AML)
|
Middle Aged Adults
Signs and Symptoms similar to ALL but without CNS involvement 15-30% survival |
|
|
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
|
Adults 25-50
90% Association with PHILADELPHIA CHROMOSOME Extreme splenomegaly Bone marrow transplant is often curative |
|
|
Polycythemia Vera
|
Proliferation of RBCs, granulocytes, and megakaryocytes with an absolute increase in red cell mass
Increase in RBCs and viscosity causes congestion and infarcts Increased leukemia risk Without treatment, death within months |
|
|
Plasma Cell Dyscrasias (Monoclonal gammopathies)
|
Group of disorders characterized by monoclonal expansion of antibody secreting cells.
Increase in IgM |
|
|
Multiple Myeloma
|
Clonal proliferation of neoplastic plasma cells in the marrow
Bone is resorbed and looks "PUNCHED OUT" BENCE JONES proteins in urine Bone pain, fractures, hypercalcemia |
|
|
Plasmacytoma
|
Localized, solitary plasma cell proliferation of bone or soft tissue
Extraosseous lesions usually in URT (usually cut out) Most patients develop multiple myeloma |
|
|
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
|
Group of disorders characterized by cloning of Langerhans cells
Young patients BIRBECK GRANULES seen in cytoplasm |
|
|
Unifocal Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (Eosinophilic Granuloma)
|
Solitary, expanding erosive bone lesion
NO VISCERAL INVOLVEMENT Some regress naturally, otherwise Surgery or Radiation |
|
|
Multifocal Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (Hand-schuller-Christian Disease)
|
CLASSIC TRIAD
Bone Lesions Diabetes Insipidus Exophthalmos May have organ involvement |
|
|
Acute Disseminated Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (Letterer-Siwe Disease)
|
Typically in INFANTS
Cutaneous Eruption Possible Neuro Involvement Rapidly fatal if untreated, 50% 5-year with chemo |
