Hematology Lecture 1

Front 1

hematology is

Back 1

the study of the cellular elements of blood

Front 2

the cellular elements in blood are

Back 2

rbcs or erythrocytes
wbc, or leukocytes
platelets, or thrombocytes

Front 3

another name for rbc is

Back 3

erythrocyte

Front 4

another name for wbc

Back 4

leukocyte

Front 5

another name for platelet is

Back 5

thrombocyte

Front 6

cbc are done in what colored tube

Back 6

purple

Front 7

the majority of wbc in blood are

Back 7

neutrophils

Front 8

once spun down, these are the heaviest, found at the bottom of the tube

Back 8

rbc

Front 9

once spun down, leukocytes and platelets are found above the rbcs in the

Back 9

buffy coat

Front 10

once spun down, plasma is found

Back 10

above the buffy coat

Front 11

are plasma and serum the same?

Back 11

no

Front 12

the process by which blood is maintained fluid within the vessel walls and the ability to prevent excessive blood loss upon injury

Back 12

hemostasis

Front 13

why when you cut yourself you do not bleed to death

Back 13

hemostasis

Front 14

what are the processes that stop you from bleeding?

Back 14

vasoconstriction, platelet plug formation, fibrin then cements the plugs to eachother, fibrinolysis then removes the plug

Front 15

narrowing of the blood vessels, so that you have less blood flow

Back 15

vasoconstriction

Front 16

binds platelets to eachother

Back 16

fibrin

Front 17

the processes of removing the fibrin cement holding the platelets to eachother

Back 17

fibrinolysis

Front 18

the megakaryocytic series consists of how many stages?

Back 18

3 stages

Front 19

where are rbc's made?

Back 19

bone marrow

Front 20

the most immature cell in the megakaryocytic series is

Back 20

the megakaryoblast

Front 21

the term that represents the most immature cell of any series is

Back 21

blast

Front 22

blasts consist of

Back 22

nucleus and cytoplasm

Front 23

what makes the mekakaryocytic series different from any other series?

Back 23

as the series proceeds, you go from small cells to larger cells

Front 24

the final stage of the megakaryocytic cell series is

Back 24

the megakaryocyte

Front 25

how many microns is the megakaryblast in diameter?

Back 25

50

Front 26

promegakaryocyte is how many microns in diameter?

Back 26

80

Front 27

the cell in the bone marrow that is produced by this series?

Back 27

megakaryocyte

Front 28

the largest cell in the bone marrow is?

Back 28

the megakaryocyte

Front 29

how long does it take to go from from producing megakaryblast to having platelets enter circulation?

Back 29

5 days

Front 30

these plaetelets then go into circulation, and circulate for how many days, unless needed first?

Back 30

8-10 days

Front 31

how many platelets does one megakaryocyte produce?

Back 31

2k-7k platelets

Front 32

how many platelets are in circulation, on average?

Back 32

150k-450k platelets

Front 33

what percentage of platelets are actually in circulation?

Back 33

80% of platelets

Front 34

if 80% of platelets are circulating, where are the other 20%?

Back 34

pooled in the spleen

Front 35

how many zones are there in a platelet?

Back 35

3

Front 36

what is the first zone of the platelet?

Back 36

the peripheral zone

Front 37

what is the difference between adhersion and aggregation?

Back 37

aggregation is platelet to platelet, adhesion is to something other than self

Front 38

why do we want adhesion, when talking about platelets?

Back 38

so the platelets bind to the vessel wall

Front 39

the outermost zone is the

Back 39

exterior coat, the outer most coat of the platelet

Front 40

the outer most part of the platelet, that is very smooth, but receptors will come to its surface when you are cut.

Back 40

exterior coat

Front 41

what is the purpose of the receptor IIbIIIa ?

Back 41

binds to fibrinogen

Front 42

receptors allow platelets to

Back 42

aggregate

Front 43

IbIX is the

Back 43

vonwilirims receptor

Front 44

under the external coat is the

Back 44

unit membrane

Front 45

where is pfIII (platelet factor 3) made?

Back 45

in the unit membrane

Front 46

what membrane is below the unit membrane?

Back 46

the subunit membrane

Front 47

wwhat is the subunit membrane made of?

Back 47

submembrane fillaments

Front 48

submembrane filiments allow the platelet

Back 48

to form itself into any form that it needs to , to give it a ragged edge when it wants to adhere to crooked structures.

Front 49

the canal system that allows transport from the middle to the external membrane?

Back 49

the canicular system

Front 50

the zone where the microtubule system of the platelets are, it is what gives structure to the platelet, it is involved in support and contraction.

Back 50

the sol gel zone

Front 51

the zone with the dense bodies and alpha granules

Back 51

the organell zone

Front 52

the important chemical we should know that is in the dense bodies

Back 52

ADP

Front 53

ADP is a

Back 53

potent aggretory agent

Front 54

the one chemical we should know of in the alpha granules

Back 54

B thromboglobulin

Front 55

inhibits prostacyclin

Back 55

B thromboglobulin

Front 56

when platelets aggregate, the organelles...

Back 56

release their contient. Alpha granuls and dense bodies release B thrombogobulin and ADP.

Front 57

the organelles release their chemicals through the...

Back 57

canicular system

Front 58

the release 1 reaction is

Back 58

when dense bodies release their chemicals, of importance ADP

Front 59

the release 2 reaction is

Back 59

when alpha granules release their contents, of importance Beta thromboglobulin

Front 60

prostocyclin does what

Back 60

inhibits aggregation of platelets

Front 61

prostocyclin is made when

Back 61

the vessel wall is normal

Front 62

what is the reaction that occurs on the surface when ADP is released?

Back 62

the membrane phospholipds, via phospholipase, creats arachidonic acid, which creats prostaglandin endoperoxides via cyclooxygenase, prostaglandin endoperoxides then creates thromboxane via thrbomboxane synthetase

Front 63

the reaction on the surfaces when ADP is released goes from:

Back 63

membrane phospholipid to arachidonic acid, to prostaglandin endoperoxide to thromboxane

Front 64

in platelets phospholipase

Back 64

creats arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids

Front 65

in platelets, cyclooxygenase

Back 65

creates prostaglandin endoperoxides from arachidonic acid

Front 66

thromboxanesynthetase creates

Back 66

thromboxane from prostaglandin endoperoxide

Front 67

so adp causes the formation of what chemicals, which leads to aggregation

Back 67

thromboxane

Front 68

refering to platelets, thromboxane is a

Back 68

even more potent platelet aggretory element than ADP

Front 69

asprin keeps platelets from aggregating by

Back 69

stoping cyclooxygenase

Front 70

in platelets, ADP is activated by the

Back 70

contortions that happen with the cut

Front 71

how many ingredients does it take to make fibrin

Back 71

12 factors

Front 72

factor 1 common name, site of synthesis, vit k depdency?

Back 72

firbnogen, liver, no

Front 73

factor 2

Back 73

prothromin, liver, yes

Front 74

factor 3

Back 74

thromboplastin/tissue factor, vessel wall, no

Front 75

factor 4

Back 75

calcium, bone, no

Front 76

factor 5

Back 76

labile factor, liver, no

Front 77

factor 7

Back 77

stable factor, liver, no

Front 78

factor 8

Back 78

antihemophilic factor A, produced in 2 parts, the VIIIvwF in the endothelium and the VIIIc made in the liver

Front 79

which factors are vitamin k dependent

Back 79

2 (prothrombin), 7 (stable factor), 9 (christmas factor), 10 (stuart power),

Front 80

which factors are not synthesized in the liver?

Back 80

factor 3 (thromboblastin;vessel wall), factor 4 (caclium;bone), 8 is partially (VIIIC)

Front 81

when the tissue is cut, what is released from the vessel wall

Back 81

factor 3, thrombblastin is released