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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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definition of anemia
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decrease in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues and organs of the body (hypoxia)
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Severity of anemia depends on...
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a. severity of anemia itself
b. speed of onset (acute blood loss, etc) c. age and cardiovascular status (very young & elderly more susceptible) d. degree of reduction in O2 carrying capacity |
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Mechanisms of anemia (3)
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1. decreased oxygen transport
(fatigue, syncope, dyspnea) 2. decreased blood volume (pallor, postural hypotension) 3. increased cardiac output (palpitations, congestive heart failure, heart murmurs) |
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Compensatory adjustments to anemia (6)
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1. decreased O2 consumption
2. decreased O2 affinity (inc. 2,3-BPG) 3. increased tissue perfusion (blood moves from non-vital to vital organs) 4. increased cardiac output 5. increased pulmonary function 6. increased erythropoietic activity |
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Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)
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average erythrocyte volume
MCV = (Hct(%)x10)/RBC count ref range = 80-100 fL |
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Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)
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average wt Hb in an erythrocyte
MCH - (Hb(g/dL)x10)/RBC count ref range = 27-31 pg (picograms) determines Normocytic, hypochromic, hyperchromic DO NOT CALL VALUES >31 hyperchromic! |
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Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)
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avg [Hb] in all RBC's
MCHC% = (Hb(g/dL)x100)/RBC count ref range = 31-36% |
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general process to mechanism of anemia
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a. proliferation defect: cells not being produced by bone marrow
b. maturation defect: cell made improperly c. survival defect: mature cells unable to survive |
