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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is anemia and how is it confirmed?
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Loss of oxygen carrying capacity due to reduced RBC count; test Hemoglobin and hematocrit
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What is polycythemia?
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Too many RBCs, with increased mass. Can lead to incr. hyperviscosity
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Hemoglobin is what
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The iron containing protein of RBCs--help carry oxygen and CO2
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Describe how Drabkins solution is used in RBC testing
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It's mixed w/aliquot of whole blood, which forms a stable cyanmethemoglobin, to be read at 540 nm wavelength. This is compared against a standard, and mathematically converted to reflect hemoglobin concentration
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What is the hematocrit
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% of red blood cells per total blood volume
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MCVin RBC testing
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Mean Cell Volume - blood cell diameter.
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MCH in RBC testing
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Mean Cell Hemoglobin - mass of hemoglobin
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MCHC in RBC testing
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Mean cell hemoglobin concentration - staining intensity/or degree of palor
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RDW in RBC testing
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RBC Distribution Width
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Anisocytosis is what
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Increased RBC diameter
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What's a reticulocyte
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Immature red blood cells from bone marrow
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A reticulocyte count provides what
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A measure of bone marrow regeneration as young RBCs are released
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Vital Stains are absorbed by what?
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Living cells; e.g., Reticulocytes contain RNA, which is highlighted by methylene blue dye
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Penia means what?
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Decrease
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Cytosis means what?
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Increase
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SEG Neutrophils indicate what? (usually)
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Bacterial infection
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SEG Neutrophils indicate what? (usually)
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Bacterial infection and "LEFT SHIFT"
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"Left Shift"
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Increase in the # of immature neutrophils/mature neutrophils
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Neutrophilia typically indicate what
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Bacteria
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Neutropenia usually indicates what
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Viral infection
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Lymphopenia can be caused by
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immunodeficiency or long term drug therapy
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Lymphocytosis can be caused by
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viral infections
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Monocytosis can sometimes signal what
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hematologic disease such as leukemia
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Cells that play a major role in clotting through adherance to damaged blood vessels; form plugs; lack major organelles
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Thrombocytes (platelets)
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Platelets secrete a protein that triggers what?
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Thrombosis/or clot formation in a blood vessel
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high platelet counts - also signals inflammation or trauma
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Thrombocytosis
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low platelet counts - from drug treatment. # 1 cause of hemorrhage related ER visits
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Thrombocytopenia
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WBC Differential
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Complete blood count where you look at 100 WBC sequentially
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Hemostasis (key is stasis)
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Balanace of platelets and coagulation
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Hemolysis can interefer with what test
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A CBC because it drops # of cells to count
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Process using 16 proteins, enzymes and cofactors to form a clot
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Coagulation
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Digestion of a flot to help bring a blood vessel back to normal
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Fibrinolysis
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Antiglycotic Agents do what
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Inhibit glucose use by cells; grey topped collection tube; Fluoride/oxalate
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Anticoagulants are used for what in collection tubes
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Prevent blood clotting throgh removal of calcium; clotting requires Cacium
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EDTA, Citrate, and Oxalate work via what mechanism
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remove calcium via formation of insoluble salts
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How does Heparin work
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Prevents conversion of prothrombin to thrombin; no thrombin, no coagulation
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Separator gel
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Inert material that undergoes a temporary viscosity change in centrifuge; can then act as a separation barrier b/t liquid (serum or plasma) and cells
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Cephalic vein
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upper forearmm on thumbside
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Basilic vein
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inside, medial aspect antecubital fossa
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median cubital vein
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connects basilica and cephalic veins
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Numerical aperture is what exactly
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light-collecting ability of lens
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