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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Sickle Cell Disease |
Characterized by the sickling effect of the erythrocytes, an inherited autosomal recessive disorder. |
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Side Effects of sickle cell disease |
Pain
SOB General fatigue HR may be rapid and blood pressure low to avg, w/ decreased pulse pressure Pallor cyanosis Jaundice/itching Open sores or ulcers on lower legs Abd pain Protein and blood in urine Pain in joints Low grade fever |
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Medication for sickle cell disease |
48 hr of IV analgesics Morphine and dilauded Hydroxyurea |
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Labs and diagnostics with sickle cell anemia |
Decreased Hematocrit Increased Reticulocyte count Increased Bilirubin Increased WBC
CT, PET, MRI, : may show soft tissue and organ changes ECG: Cardiomyopathy and decreased cardiac output |
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Nursing interventions for sickle cell disease? |
Manage pain Administer O2 Hydration w/ NS then Hypotonic Remove constrictive clothing Encourage the pt to keep extremitites extended to promote venous return. Do not raise knee position on bed Do not elevate HOB>30 degrees Keep room warmer >72degrees Check circulation in extremities qhour Pulse ox on fingers and toes cap refills peripheral pulses Toe temp |
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What is iron deficiency anemia? |
Characterized by inadequate intake of dietary iron or excessive loss of iron. |
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Signs and symptoms of Iron deficiency anemia |
Pallor Glossitis cheilitis (cracking in corner of mouth) Other normal anemia symptoms. |
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Labs and diagnostics for iron deficiency anemia |
Decreased hemoglobin decreased hematocrit CBC |
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Nursing interventions for iron deficient anemia |
Assess for any GI bleeding Increase iron intake: red meat, organ meat, egg yolks, kidney beans, leafy green veggies, raisins) Iron supplements |
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What is aplastic anemia |
Characterized by pancytopenia depression of the bone marrow in production of all blood cell types. RBC, WBC, platelets |
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S&S of aplastic anemia |
Weakness pallor petechiae ecchymosis Infection Fever bleeding General symptoms of anemia |
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Medications for aplastic anemia? |
Immunosuppression with antithymocytic |
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Labs and diagnostics for aplastic anemia |
Bone marrow biopsy Decreased RBC, WBC, Platelet |
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Nursing interventions for aplastic anemia |
Supportive care Remove medication that could be the cause Prevent infection |
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What medical treatment would we do for aplastic anemia? |
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation Immunosuppressive therapy
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What is pernicious anemia? |
Condition characterized by an inability to absorb b12 it may be associated with loss of intrinsic factor. |
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S&S of pernicious anemia |
General symptoms of anemia Confusion Paresthesia Weakness Loss of sense of balance Smooth, beefy red tongue |
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Medications for pernicious anemia |
B12 shots for life |
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Labs and diagnostics for pernicious anemia |
Schillings test Pee: good Poop: bad Decreased RBC and presence of abnormal RBC |
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Nursing interventions for pernicious anemia |
Increase intake of b12 and folic acid foods animal proteins eggs dairy Safety- at a fall risk |
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What is folic acid deficiency anemia? |
Associated with decreased dietary intake of folic acid |
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S&S of folic acid deficiency anemia |
Slow and insidious onset Weight loss: emaciated May appear ill with malnourishment |
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Nursing interventions for folic acid deficiency. |
Folic acid injections initially then oral supplements Encourage diet rich in Folic acid and b12 Assess dietary habits and avoid: alcohol, goats milk, poor nutrition Need green leafy veggies, liver, yeast, dried beans, nuts |
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What is anemia |
characterized by a low RBC count and a decrease to below normal levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit. |
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How does someone become anemic? |
Hemorrhage Chronic bleeding Hemolytic processes |
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What are the signs and symptoms of common anemia |
Pale skin delayed wound healing brittle thinning hair spoon shaped fingernails lymphadenopath SOB Dyspnea on exertion tachypnea tachycardia palpitations postural hypotention chronic fatigue weakness apathy Anorexia N Weight loss Constipation Diarrhea Beefy red tongue Stomatitis hematemesis HA Dixxy Tingling in extremeties |
