Hematology Class Kirk's Lecture 2008

Front 1

Blood is full of cells, which is the most abundant cell that makes blood red?

Back 1

Erythrocytes (red blood cell) (RBC).

Front 2

What do erythrocytes do?

Back 2

they carry oxygen from your lungs out to your tissue cells.

Front 3

The interior of the RBC you will notice no nucleus, no mitochondria, ect. The cytoplasma has a pinkish color to it. What gives it this color?

Back 3

A protein called HEMOGLOBIN

(so think of RBC like a bag of just Hbg. Natures rationale for not having organelles inside cell is to have more room for the Hgb.

Front 4

What is the purpose of the Hbg?

Back 4

Is the veichel that transport oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Front 5

The molecules of Hgb contains of two component parts?

Back 5

1. Heme---Protoporphrins (gr of organic compounds.

2. Globin---Protein portion

Front 6

What makes a Protein, the specific protein that it is?

Back 6

* number of Amino Acids
* the sequence of AA put together.

Front 7

In a Hemoglobin we have how many Hemes?

Back 7

4 Hemes. Each of the them have oxygen attached to it. SO " ONE MOLECULE OF HEMOGLOBIN CAN CARRY 4 MOLECULES OF OXYGEN!"

Front 8

There are 4 Forms of Hemoglobin?

Back 8

1. Oxyhemoglobin
2. Carbaminohemoglobin
3. Carboxyhemoglobin
4. Met Hgb

Front 9

What is Oxyhemoglobin?

Back 9

Hgb fully loaded with oxygen or saturated with oxygen.

Front 10

What is Carbaminohemoglobin?

Back 10

When Hgb is carring Carbon dioxide. (instead of oxygen).
Giving blood that color of a dull reddish brown.

Front 11

what is Carboxyhemoglobin?

Back 11

A Hemoglobin that has CARBON MONOXIDE attached to it.

Front 12

What is Met Hemoglobin?

Back 12

NOTHING ATTACHED TO IT!

Front 13

Iron comes in two valance?

Back 13

1. Ferrous
2, Ferric

Front 14

Functions of blood?

Back 14

1. transportation of dissolved gases, nutrients, hormones, and metabolic waste.
2. Regulation of pH and electrolytes composition of interstitual fluids.
3. The restriction of fluid losses through damaged vessels or at other injury sites.
4. stabilization of body temp

Front 15

Composition of blood make un 5L. What are they?

Back 15

1.Formed elments (2L) 35-50% hematocriot

2. Plasma (3L)

Front 16

Abnormal HCT too high or too low:

Back 16

High-----polycythemia

Low------oligocythemia

Front 17

Normal RBC count?

Back 17

4-6 million per cu.mm of blood

Front 18

Leukocytes what are there function?

Back 18

members of the Immune system. They fight infection and protect against infection and dx

Front 19

Normal WBC count ?

Back 19

5,000-8,000/cu.mm. of blood

Front 20

High WBC and low called?

Back 20

Hight: Leukocytosis

Low: leukopenia

Front 21

Granulocyts and Agranulocytes of the WBC?

Back 21

BEN Likes A Money

Granulocyts

B:Basophils
E:Eosinophils
N:Neutrophil
A___ Agranulocytes

L:lymphocytes
M:Monocytes

Front 22

Neutrophil

Back 22

Neutrophil: 60%
Mature: segs, polys, PMN
Immature: bands, juvs

Front 23

Eosinophil

Back 23

3-5%
Increse to do Parasitic infection and or allergy

Front 24

Basophils

Back 24

0-1%
Release HEPARIN and HISTAMINE

Front 25

Monocytes

Back 25

3-5% PHAGOCYTOSIS OF BACTERIA

When leave the circulatory system name changes to MACROPHAGES

Front 26

Lymphocytes

Back 26

30%
Coordinate all of the activities of the Immune System.

Front 27

Lymphoctyes consist of three types?

Back 27

1. B lymphocytes (B-cells)

2. T lymphocytes (T-cells)

3. NK lymphocytes (NK-cells)

Front 28

B Lymphocytes provide what type of immunity?

Back 28

Hummoral Immunity (protect using chemicals)

* B-cells become sensitized (exposed to antigen or foreign pr)they turn into cells called PLASMA CELLS

Front 29

What do Plasma cells secrete?

Back 29

A protein called: Antibodies
(gamma globulins or immunoglobulins)

Front 30

What is a memory B cell?

Back 30

when body exposed to antigen the B-cells create a memory so next time it can know how to kill it.

Front 31

T Lymphocytes, what type of Immunit they provide?

Back 31

80% of population

Cellular Immunity (protection using the action of cells directly, such as destruction of infectious material by phagocytosis).

Front 32

types of T-cells?

Back 32

1. Cytotoxic
*lymphtoxic
*death-gene activation
*perforins

Front 33

T-cells are made in?

Back 33

Bone Marrow----Thymus gland---Lymphatic Tissues.
*Lymph nodes
*Spleen
*Tonsils
*Peyers patches

Front 34

Types of Hgb?

Back 34

1. Fetal Hemoglobin
2. Adult Hemoglobin

Front 35

Which has a better Hgb Fetal or Adult?

Back 35

Fetal had the super Hemoglobin

Front 36

Where is RBC formation happening at? or "Process of erythrogenisis "

Back 36

1. Mesoblastic Stage

2. Hepatic Stage

3. Myeloid Stage

Front 37

RBC formation in the Mmyeloid Stage has an age factor:

Back 37

Pre adolescence: myeloid tissue within our long bones.

Adults: myeloid tissue within our flat bones

Front 38

Prenicious Anemia do to?

Back 38

Vit B12 deficiency. Not usullly b/c you don't consume enogh unless you are a very strick vegitarian but may not be secreating a PROTEIN in our lining of the stomach called: Intrinsic Factor that helps B12 to be absorbed.

Front 39

Shoping list to make Hemoglobin? 12 things?

Back 39

1. Copper
2. B12
3. Pyridoxine
4. pantothenic acid
5. folic acid
6. protein
7. enzymes
8. lipids
9. carbohydrates
10. vit C
11. erythropoientin
12. Iron

Front 40

What is erythropoientin?

Back 40

Is a hormone that is secreted by the Kidneys to stimulate bone marrow to make RBC.

Front 41

Hemostasis?

Back 41

the process that is going on with in our body to keep our blood in our vessels.

Front 42

Three processes creating Hemostasis? (to keep our blood in our vessels)

Back 42

1. Vascular Spasm

2. Platelet Plug

3. Coagulation

Front 43

In vascular spasm how do you stimulate the muscle to constrict. What are it's intesity caused by?

Back 43

Collegen (connective tissue)

*The more collegen exposed the more constriction occurs to stop the bleeding).

Front 44

What does coagulation mean?

Back 44

you make a blood clot

Front 45

To clot you need clotting factors they are....

Back 45

Proteins made by the Liver!

YES LIVER, so if something happens to the live you can't clot. You can bleed to death.

Front 46

Factors preventing Coagulation? Things preventing us from clotting?

Back 46

1. Moving blood
2. Heparin
3. Smooth edothelium lining
4. Laminar flow
5. Covered Collegen
6. Plasminogen
7. Plasmin
8. Tissue Plasminogen activator (tPA)

Front 47

What are the proteins that are involve in the dissolution of a clot?(3)

Back 47

1. Plasminogen
2. Plasmin
3. Tissue Plasminogen activator (tPA)

Front 48

Who actually dissolves the clot? Main protein here?

Back 48

PLASMIN

Front 49

Streptokinase?

Back 49

Is an enzyme disctracted form the microbe. Very effective in disolving blood clots. Can dissolve away through your body tissues.

Front 50

Serum?

Back 50

blood or plasma in which the clotting factors have been removed.

Front 51

Thrombus?

Back 51

Blood clot

Front 52

Embolus?

Back 52

a moving blood clot

Front 53

Properties of Immune System?
(5)

Back 53

1. Margination
2. Diapedesis
3. Ameoboid
4. Positive chemotaxis
5. Neutrophil, Monocytes, Eosinophils(Phagocytosis) (Nasty Mean Elf)

Front 54

two types of phagocytes?

Back 54

1. Micriphages

*eosinophils
*neutralphils

2. Macrophages

*macrophages (fixed and free)

Front 55

Where is B cell made at ?

Back 55

Bone Marrow----Brusal Tissue----Lymphatic Tissue

Front 56

NK cells?

Back 56

Natural Killers

these lymphocyts monitor your own cells. If they get nauty they take them out.