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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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5 Microcytic, Hypochromic Anemias |
IDA, AOI, Sideroblastic Anemia, Thallassemia, Hemoglobinopathies |
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Major Differentiation Test for Microcytic, Hypochromic Anemia |
Iron Studies |
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Siderblastic (Lead) Differentiation |
Basophilic Stipling, High Lead, Normal Iron |
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Difference Between AOI and IDA |
IDA (Lack Iron Absorbtion) AOI (Iron Trapped in the macrophages) |
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Major mechanism of AOI? |
Hepcidin inhibits iron release, but is Acute Phase positive |
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Pernicious anemia (megaloblastic) caused by |
Result of Anti-IF or anti-Pareital activity |
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Megaloblastic Anemia causes |
B12 Deficiency Folate Deficiency Autoantibodies (Pernicious) |
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Early Indicators of Megaloblastic Anemia |
(Methylmelonic Acid) raised in B12 deficency Hemocysteine raised in both B12 and Folate defi |
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Intrinsic RBC defect treatement |
Splenectomy (except Xerocytosis)
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4 Types of Intrinsic RBC membrane defects |
Spherocytosis (Vertical Spectrin-Ankyrin) Elloptocytosis (Horizontal Spectrin-Ankyrin) Stomatocytosis (Potassium pump failure) Xerocytosis (Membrane fails to hold K+/water) |
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Iron transporter |
In gut (Divalent Metal Transporter 1 <4 ph) In Serum (Transferrin) Cell Entry (Ferroportin) In Storage (Ferritin) |
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Iron metabolism Hepcidin |
Acute Phase positive inhibitor of ferroportin (stops cells from releasing iron) |
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B12 important molecules |
Intrinsic Factor B12 converts Folate into a usable state |
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Acanthocytosis (Abetalipoprotein deficiency) |
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Hypocromic Microcytic Anemia |
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Uniques of Iron Deficiency Anemia |
Low Serum Ferritin (low iron storage) Normal TIBC Low transferrin saturation |
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Uniques of AOI |
Inflammation High Serum Ferritin (lots of iron in storage) Low transferrin saturation High Hepcidin |
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Uniques of Siderblastic Anemia |
Unused Iron (pappenheimer bodies) High Lead (Basophilic stippling) Increased ZEP Iron otherwise normal |
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Normal Iron Stores (prussian blue) |
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IDA (prussian blue)
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Hemochromatosis (prussian blue) |
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Megaloblastic Anemia (macrocytes, teardrops) Will often see cabbot rings |
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WBC in megaloblastic anemia (3) |
Depressed Neutrophils Hypersegmentation Large Granulocyte Precursors |
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"other" signs of Megaloblastic Anemia (3) |
Stomatitis (sores in high turnover areas) Depressed B12:Folate serum:RBC levels Autoantibodies |
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Aplastic Anemia signs causes (3) |
Pancytopenia Failure of Bone Marrow cell production Decreased BM Cellularity |
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Normal Bone marrow M:E Ratio |
3:1-4:1 |
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Normal Bone Marrow Cellularity |
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Hypocelluar Bone Marrow |
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Causes of Acquired Aplastic Anemia (6) |
Idiopathic Radiation Chemical Disease Drugs Pregnancy (rare) |
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Types of hereditary Aplastic Anemia |
Faconi's: Fragile Chromosomes in Stems Pure Red Cell: Stems unable to commit to RBC |
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Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemia (Abnormal RBC development) |
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Anemia of Chronic Renal Disease (Increased Burr cells, hypoprolipheration) |
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Character of Xerocytosis (4) |
1. Puddle cells 2. Moderate Anemia 3. MCV (larger) 4. MCHC (high) |
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Character of Spherocytosis (4) |
1. Spherocyres 2. Variable Anemia 3. High Osmotic Fragility 4. Unusually High MCHC |
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Character of Elliptocytosis (4) |
1. Ovalocytes 2. Variable anemia 3. MCV normal to low 4. Normal osmotic fragility |
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Character of Stomato(hydro)cytosis |
1. Stomatocytes 2. Severe anemia 3. High osmotic fragility 4. MCV normal to increased |
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Character of Pyropoikilocytosis |
1. Heat labile at 45 C 2. Severe anemia |
