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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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At birth, there is ____________________________ in every bone.
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bone marrow
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____________ bone marrow _____________ until age 18.
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Long ; decreases
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Adult flat bones include:
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sternum
skull pelvis |
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Per day the body has:
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2.5 billion red blood cells
2.5 billion platelets 1 billion granulocytes (per kg) |
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Even as an adult, at a time for increased demand for blood cells – functional marrow can...
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Reappear quickly.
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In bone marrow, the cells begin as pluri-potential....
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Cells that can give rise to any of several lines of blood cells.
RBC//WBC//PLT's |
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Uni-potential cells split into (3)
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erythropoietin
leukopoietin thrombopoietin |
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Erythropoietin splits into an...
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... an erythroblast
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An erythroblast breaks down to a...
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... a reticulocyte.
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A reticulocyte breaks down to a...
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... a RBC.
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A Leukopoietin breaks down to a....
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... to a WBC.
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A thrombopoietin breaks down to a...
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... to a platelet.
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The most important function of hemoglobin is...
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... the transfer of O2.
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The reticulocyte is an immature
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red blood cell.
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The reticulocyte is where the synthesis of ...
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hemoglobin takes place.
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Blood is broken down into 2 elements. They are:
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Cellular elements &
Plasma (proteins) |
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Cellular elements consist of 3 *ingredients*
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RBC's
WBC's Platelet's |
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Plasma's (protein's) consist of 3 *ingredients*
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Albumin
Fibrinogen Globulin |
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What is the function of albumin?
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Albumin increases osmotic pressure @ the capillary level. Prevents fluid from leaking into the interstitial tissue.
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What is the function of fibrinogen?
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Plays a role in blood clotting.
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What role do globulins play?
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They play a role in substance transport and combating infection.
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RBC's (erythrocytes)
4 functions? |
largest cellular component of blood
reticulocyte to hemoglobin synthesis RBC transport TO hemoglobin TO oxygen transport carbon dioxide to lungs for excretion. |
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What is the life span of a RBC?
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120 days.
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What are the substances necessary for the development of RBC's?
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B12
folic acid Copper Nickel |
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WBC's - what is the other name for white blood cells?
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leukocytes
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what is the function of a WBC?
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component of immune process.
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Where are WBC's formed?
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Formed in bone marrow and lymph system.
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What is necessary for the development of WBC's?
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Folic acid necessary for development.
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There are ___x as many WBC's in storage in the marrow as compared to what is in circulation.
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3x.
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What WBC's are in circulation?
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granulocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes, netrophils, eosinophils
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How many white blood cells?
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5-10,000/mm3
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Neutrophils are....
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the 1st line of defense against bacteria (55-70%). Immature cells are bands.
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Eosinophils are...
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WBC's which break down antigen/antibody complex (1-4%).
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Basophils are....
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WBC's which work to keep blood flowing through microvascular system (0.5-1.0%).
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Monocytes are...
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WBC's that are effective bacteria killers AKA Macrophages (2-8%).
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What percentage of WBC's are lymphocytes?
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20-40%
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What do T-lymphocytes react against?
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React against foreign or abnormal cells.
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What do B-lymphocytes react against?
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Become antibodies when exposed to something seen as a long term threat.
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How do you assess a hematological patient?
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Frequent infections/bleeding/do they have the ability to perform adl's?
Gain objective information. Physical observations: pale skin/bruising/bleeding/wounds not healing Diagnostics: CBC/Hgb/Hct/T&C/C&S |
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Platelets are the ________________________ of the formed elements in the blood
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smallest
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Platelets are formed where?
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Are formed in the bone marrow.
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Where are platelets stored and released?
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They are stored and released by the spleen when needed. (80% circ/ 20% storage)
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What is the primary function of the platelet?
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The primary function is aggregation - Aggregation is clumping together.
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What does the platelet do?
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It adheres to injured vessel walls and forms plugs.
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What is the life span of the platelet?
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Life span is 1-2 weeks.
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What is the hematological function of the spleen?
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1. antibody synthesis
2. hematopoiesis to phagocytosis 3. Hematopoiesis process during which aged or imperfect RBC’s are consumed by phagocytosis a. Stores platelets b. Filters antigens |
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What is the hematological function of the liver?
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1. Capacity for RBC production if marrow fails
2. Blood coagulant substances. |
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What is the hematological function of the lymphatic system?
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1. Role in differentiation of lymphocytes.
2. Filtration system. 3. Flitration is only one role of this system nodes - remove foreign particles |
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Patients who have had a splenectomy have a GREATER/LOWER risk of infection or sepsis. Choose one.
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Greater
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Hemostasis is:
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Arrest of bleeding
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Blood vessels are:
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an internal, non-thromogenic surface
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Blood vessels allow for:
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smooth blood flow UNTIL injury.
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Platelets aggregate to the....
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Injured site.
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The plasma coagulation factor is known as the
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coagulation cascade.
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Plasma coagulation factors include:
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1. thrombin release
2. fibrin releases the clot. |
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The blood vessel is what allows for ________________ & __________________ blood flow.
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Normal & smooth
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The vessel way actually secretes an ....
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antiplatelet/anticoagulant substance.
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