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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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AML is ___. it is defined by presence of at least ___% ___s in ___. the normal value is <___%.
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acute myeloid leukemia
20 myeloid progenitors BM 5 |
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2 AML scenarios
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de novo
secondary to leukemogenic trigger |
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AML is associated with ___ age
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old
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in AML proliferation of cells in BM causes
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bone pain
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accumulation of blasts in PB causes __ (3)
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microangiopathy
CNS symptoms V/Q mismatch |
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accumulation of blasts outside BM is called ___. in AML these occur in ___ (4).
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chloroma
CNS gingiva kidney skin |
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symptoms of AML
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DIC
hyperuricemia tumor lysis syndrome |
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tumor lysis syndrome symptoms
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hyperkalemia or hypokalemia
lactic acidosis |
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___ are pathognomonic for AML. they are composed of ___.
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Auer rods
aggregated granules |
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___ is a subtype of AML. it is characterized by ___ (2).
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acute promyelocytic leukemia
hypergranulated cells Auer rods |
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acute promyelocytic leukemia cells are more/less differentiated than plain AML cells
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more
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___% of blasts staining positive for ___ is a positive test for AML
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3
MPO |
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TdT is ___. it does ___ in ___ (2) cells.
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terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase
random nucleotide insertion at end of receptor recombination B T |
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ALL cells are positive for ___ and negative for ___.
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TdT
MPO |
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AML cells are positive for ___ and negative for ___.
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MPO
TdT |
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a karyotype showing ___ is diagnostic of AML even if ___ is absent. another abnormality is with a favorable prognosis is ___
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15-17 translocation
BM signs 8-21 translocation |
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with advancing age, ___ mutations decline and ___ mutations rise.
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favorable
unfavorable |
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____ cases typically have ___ karyotypes and worse prognosis
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secondary AML
elderly patients complex |
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complex karyotype means
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>3 abnormalities
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most patients have ___ karyotype
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normal
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supportive care for acute leukemia includes __ (4)
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hydration
allopurinol cytopheresis blood products |
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3 tx options for AML pts under 60
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intensive chemo
allogeneic SC transplant autologous SC transplant |
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when cytogenetics are unfavorable use ___.
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allogeneic SC transplant
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___ (2) should have an autologous SC transplant
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pts with favorable risk factors
pts who relapsed, responded to chemo with no matched donor |
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AML has a ___ prognosis in pts > 60 y.o
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very poor
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ATRA is ___. it is indicated for ___ (2).
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all trans retinoic acid
APL t(15;17) AML |
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ALL is ___. it presents with ___ (4). T cell type can also have ___.
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acute lymphoblastic leukemia
lymphadenopathy hepatosplenomegaly testis involvement CNS involvment mediastinal enlargement |
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___ is an important cytogenetic marker for ALL.
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t(9;22) philadelphia
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