Hematology 01: Hematopoiesis

Front 1

erythropoiesis is making ___
myelopoiesis is making ___ (2)
thrombopoiesis is making ___

Back 1

RBCs
granulocytes
monocytes
platelets

Front 2

automatic counters use ___ for differential white cell counts

Back 2

cellular peroxidase

Front 3

macrocytosis is caused by (2)

Back 3

liver disease
alcoholism

Front 4

target cells are caused by (4)

Back 4

Fe deficiency
liver disease
Hbopathy
splenectomy

Front 5

stomatocytes are caused by (2)

Back 5

liver disease
alcoholism

Front 6

pencil cells are caused by

Back 6

Fe deficiency

Front 7

echinocytes are caused by (2)

Back 7

liver disease
splenectomy

Front 8

acanthocytes are caused by (3)

Back 8

liver disease
abetalipoproteinemia
renal failure

Front 9

microspherocytes are caused by (3)

Back 9

hereditary spherocytosis
AIHA
septicemia

Front 10

fragments are caused by (4)

Back 10

DIC
HUS
TTP
cardiac valve problems

Front 11

elliptocytes are caused by

Back 11

hereditary elliptocytosis

Front 12

tear drops are caused by

Back 12

myelofibrosis

Front 13

basket cells are caused by

Back 13

oxidative damage, e.g. G6PD deficiency

Front 14

microcytes are caused by (2)

Back 14

Fe deficiency
thalassemia

Front 15

mean life span of RBC

Back 15

120 days

Front 16

mean life span of platelet

Back 16

8--10 days

Front 17

mean life span of neutrophil

Back 17

2--4 days

Front 18

mean life span of monocyte

Back 18

months

Front 19

mean life span of lymphocyte

Back 19

months

Front 20

hemopoiesis during the first 6 weeks of gestation is in the ___

Back 20

yolk sac

Front 21

hemopoiesis from week 6 till month 6-7 is in the ___ (2)

Back 21

liver
spleen

Front 22

hemopoiesis from month 6-7 and on is in the ___

Back 22

BM

Front 23

at birth all BM is ___ aka ___. in adults it's found in ___. (2)

Back 23

hematopoietic
red
axial skeleton
proximal long bones

Front 24

2 ways to examine BM are ___.

Back 24

aspiration
biopsy

Front 25

aspiration is commonly done from ___
biopsy is commonly done from ___

Back 25

sternum
iliac crest

Front 26

steps in normoblastic erythropoiesis (5)

Back 26

proerythroblast
basophilic erythroblast
polychromatic erythroblast
pyknotic erythroblast
erythrocyte

Front 27

if RNA is present in an erythroblast it's called a ___

Back 27

reticulocyte

Front 28

a small peripheral nucleus is called a ____

Back 28

Howell-Jolly body

Front 29

process of granulocyte production is called ___

Back 29

myelopoiesis

Front 30

steps in myelopoiesis (6)

Back 30

myeloblast
promyelocyte
myelocyte
metamyelocyte
stab
polymorph

Front 31

___s have primary granules

Back 31

promyelocyte

Front 32

___s have secondary granules

Back 32

myelocyte

Front 33

___ granules are present in all granulocytes

Back 33

primary

Front 34

___s are the first myeloid stage with no nucleolus

Back 34

myelocyte

Front 35

nucleus begins to indent at the ___ stage

Back 35

metamyelocyte

Front 36

because of ___ acute promyelocytic leukemia is more dangerous than acute myeloblastic leukemia

Back 36

granules can cause DIC

Front 37

the first stage in myelopoiesis after mitosis has stopped is ___

Back 37

metamyelocyte

Front 38

to increase efficiency in ___ production, megakaryocytes do ___ without ___

Back 38

platelet
replicate nucleus 5 times (32n)
cytokinesis

Front 39

T cells comprise ___% of lymphocytes. ___ (2) are markers for all T cells.

Back 39

65-80
CD2
CD3

Front 40

the majority of CD4 cells are in the ___

Back 40

peripheral blood

Front 41

the majority of CD8 cells are in the ___

Back 41

BM

Front 42

B cells comprise approximately ___% of lymphocytes. ___ (3) are markers for B cells

Back 42

5-15
CD19
CD20
CD22

Front 43

___ (2) are markers for NK cells

Back 43

CD16
CD56

Front 44

T/F: most circulating lymphocytes come from BM

Back 44

false: most are produced in lymphoid tissue

Front 45

hemangioblast gives rise to ___ (2)

Back 45

pluripotent HSC
endothelial cells

Front 46

HSC gives rise to ___ (2)

Back 46

CMP
CLP

Front 47

CMP is aka ___. it gives rise to ___ (2)

Back 47

CFU_GEMM
MEP
GMP

Front 48

___ is a marker for HSCs

Back 48

CD34

Front 49

bone marrow stroma is composed of (5)

Back 49

fibronectin
hemonectin
laminin
collagen
proteoglycan

Front 50

___ (2) stimulate HSC differentiation

Back 50

SCF
IL-3

Front 51

___ (3) stimulate CMP differentiation

Back 51

SCF
IL-3
GM-CSF

Front 52

EPO is synthesized by ___ (2). synthesis is regulated in response to ___.

Back 52

kidney
liver
oxygen tension

Front 53

EPO uses (5)

Back 53

autologous blood transfusion
AIDS
diabetes
myelodysplastic syndrome
anemia of chronic renal failure

Front 54

___ (2) stimulate MEP differentiation into ___ (2) cells.

Back 54

IL-3
GM-CSF
MKP
EP

Front 55

___ (2) stimulates MKP differentiation into ___.

Back 55

TPO
GM-CSF
platelets

Front 56

___ stimulates EP differentiation into ___.

Back 56

EPO
RBCs

Front 57

___ (2) stimulates GMP differentiation into ___ (2) cells.

Back 57

GM-CSF
IL-3
GP
MonoP

Front 58

___ (3) stimulate GP differentiation into eosinophils

Back 58

G-CSF
GM-CSF
IL-5

Front 59

___ (2) stimulates GP differentiation to neutrophils

Back 59

G-CSF
GM-CSF

Front 60

___ (2) stimlates MonoP differentiation to ___

Back 60

M-CSF
GM-CSF
monocytes

Front 61

EPO works on ___ stages of RBC

Back 61

late BFU-E and CFU-E

Front 62

G-CSF sources (4)

Back 62

stromal cells
endothelial cells
monocytes
macrophages

Front 63

G-CSF functions (3)

Back 63

maturation and proliferation of neutrophil progenitors
mobilization of myeloid SCs into PB
neutrophil activation and enhanced lifespan

Front 64

G-CSF applications (4)

Back 64

reduce neutropenic period after chemo
after BMT
collection of SCs from PB
Kostmann's syndrome

Front 65

Kostmann's syndrome is a ___ disorder of ___

Back 65

AR
deficient neutrophil maturation

Front 66

in mammals, interphase lasts at least ___

Back 66

12-24 h

Front 67

2 events in G1

Back 67

RNA production
protein production

Front 68

events in S

Back 68

DNA replication

Front 69

events in G2 (2)

Back 69

growth
protein production

Front 70

mitosis typically lasts ___

Back 70

1-2 h

Front 71

___ phases have checkpoints

Back 71

G1
G2
M

Front 72

mantle cell lymphoma is frequently caused by a ___. this causes the ___ gene on chromosome ___ to ___.

Back 72

11-14 translocation
cyclin D1
11
be overexpressed

Front 73

___ is a family of kinases regulating mitosis and meiosis
inhibition of it is a potential ___ therapy

Back 73

aurora
cancer

Front 74

aurora kinase A phosphorylates ___

Back 74

centrosome

Front 75

aurora kinase B phosphorylates ___, causing ___

Back 75

centromere
attachment to mitotic spindle

Front 76

aurora kinase C functions in ___

Back 76

meiosis

Front 77

2 apoptosis pathways

Back 77

death receptor (extrinisic)
mitochondrial (intrinsic)

Front 78

death receptor apoptosis is triggered via ___ (2)

Back 78

Fas
TNFR

Front 79

intrinsic apoptosis pathway is triggered when ___ release ___ which binds to ___. these aggregate to form ___, which activates ___.

Back 79

mitochondria
cytochrome c
Apaf-1
apoptosomes
caspase 9

Front 80

mitochondrial release of cytochrome c is suppressed by ___, on chromosome ___.

Back 80

Bcl-2
14

Front 81

follicular lymphoma is triggered by a ___ which causes overexpression of ___

Back 81

14-18 translocation
Bcl-2

Front 82

2 pro-apoptotic members of Bcl-2 family

Back 82

Bax
Bak

Front 83

p53 causes transcription of ___ after ___, which increases ___.

Back 83

Bax
DNA damage
mitochondrial permeability

Front 84

___ (2) inhibit Bcl-2 and ___ apoptosis

Back 84

Bid
Bim
promote

Front 85

Bad, Bid and Egl-1 are special in that they only have ___. they are pro/anti apoptotic

Back 85

BH3 domain and no other BH domain
pro

Front 86

___ (2) are BH-3 mimetic drugs

Back 86

ABT-737
ABT-263

Front 87

___ (5) are bound by type 1 cytokine receptors

Back 87

EPO
TPO
G-CSF
GM-CSF
ILs

Front 88

type 1 cytokine receptors lack ___ and use ___ for signalling

Back 88

cytoplasmic Y kinase domain
JAK-STAT

Front 89

JAK binds to the receptor by its ___ domain. before the ligand binds, the ___ domain is inhibited by the ___ domain. after the ligand binds the inhibition is lost because of ___.

Back 89

FERM
JH1
JH2
conformation change separating JH1 and JH2

Front 90

a mutation in ___ can cause constitutive activation of JAK2 because ___, and is implicated in (3)

Back 90

JAK JH2 domain (V617)
JH2 inhibitory function is lost
polycythemia vera
essential thrombocythemia
idiopathic myelofibrosis