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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anemia |
A decrease in hemoglobin levels within the blood to values less than normal |
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Antibody |
An immunoglobulin produced by lymphocytes in response to presence of bacteria, virus or any other antigenic substance
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Antigen |
A substance, usually protein, That stimulates the production of an antibody specific to that protein
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Dyscrasia |
Pertaining to an abnormal condition of blood or bone marrow
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Endemic |
Indigenous to a specific area
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Methemoglobinemia |
A blood disorder in which an abnormal amount of methemoglobin, a form of hemoglobin, is produced
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Spherocytes |
Abnormally round red blood cell containing more than normal amounts of hemoglobin
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Thrombocytopenia |
A decrease in the number of thrombocytes |
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Erythrocyte disorders are associate with |
Decreased production Increased destruction Inappropriate loss of RBCs |
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Is anemia a primary condition or secondary condition |
Secondary to a primary disorder elsewhere in the body |
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What can cause anemia |
Hemorrhage Hemolysis Blood parasites Iron deficiencies Immune-mediated disease Toxins |
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What is needed to diagnosis and determine if anemia is regenerative or nonregenerative |
CBC Blood films |
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What will be present in the blood film if anemia is regenerative |
Reticularcytes
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What are reticularcytes |
Immature RBCs |
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What is the most common cause of anemia |
Hemorrhage due to trauma |
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If internal hemorrhage is occur what diagnostic test my give false results |
Hematocrit |
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What are the cs of thrombocytopenia that cause anemia |
Petechial hemorrhages |
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How does iron deficiency affect the RBCs |
The formation is altered and they have a decreased life span |
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In dogs, hemolysis is most commonly caused by the immune system components attaching to the RBCs membrane and |
Alter its structure causing the body to remove the RBCs |
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In cats, hemolysis is most commonly caused by ________ that will attached to the RBCs membrane and alter its structure causing the body to remove the RBCs |
Bacteria |
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What is hemobartonellosis |
Bacteria attaching to RBCs membrane and altering them |
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How is hemolysis treated |
Suppressing the immune system Tetracycline/doxycycline (for hemobartonellosis) Transfusion |
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What is isoerythrolysis |
Neonates RBCs are lysed because the dam passes antibodies against the neonates RBCs in her colostrum |
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What blood parasite, that is common in cats, will cause anemia |
Mycoplasma hemofelis |
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Blood parasites will cause __________ which leads to anemia |
Hemolysis |
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What blood parasites,that is common in dogs, will cause hemolysis leading to anemia |
Babesia canis Babesia gibsoni |
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How are B. canis and gibsoni transmitted to dogs |
Brown dog tick |
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Blood in urine will ______ when spend down |
Fall to the blood |
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Hemoglobinuria will ________ when spend down |
Stay suspended |
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What protozoal organism will cause a fatal form of anemia in cats |
Cytauxzoon felis |
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What are Heinz bodies |
Hemoblobin denatures forming aggregates of irreversible hemichromes |
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Exposure of erythrocytes to ________ can produce reversible and nonreversible hemichromes |
Oxidants |
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How will Heinz bodies appear in feline RBCs samples |
Large eccentric pale structures |
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How will Heinz bodies appear in canine RBCs samples |
Multiple small structures |
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What is the most common cause of Heinz body in dogs |
Onion toxicity |
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What is methemoglobinemia |
Denatured hemoglobin |
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What are the cs of anemia |
Pale mm Lethargy Exercise intolerance Tachycardia +/-murmur Increased respiratory rate |
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Intravascular hemolysis will result in |
Hemoglobinemia Hemoglobinuria |
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Extravascular hemolysis will result in |
Bilirubinemia Bilirubinuria Icterus |
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What is IMHA |
Immune-mediated Hemolytic Anemia |
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What causes IMHA |
Unknown |
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Who is predisposed to IMHA |
2-8 year old dogs Female Poodles Old English Sheepdogs Irish Setters Cocker Spaniels |
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What are the cs of M. hemofelis |
Weight loss Anorexia Fever Hepatomegaly Splenomegaly |
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What are the cs of B. canis and gibsoni |
Hemoglobinuria Dehydration Fever Anorexia Depression |
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What are the cs of IMHA |
Anorexia Listlessness Weakness Depression Tachycardia Tachypnea +/- icterus +/- hepatomegaly and splenomegaly Necrosis of distal extremities Pale mm |
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How is IMHA diagnosed |
CBC Agglutination test Direct Coombs test Direct immunofluorescence assay |
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What are band cells |
Immature neutrophils |
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IMHA has a guarded prognosis and _________ is common |
Relapse |
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What is IMTP |
Immune-Mediated Thrombocytopenia |
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What occurs during IMTP |
Platelets are coated with antibodies and the body destroys them |
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What causes IMTP |
Unknown |
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How low does the platelet count have to be for bleeding problems to develop |
>30,000 thrombocytes/ mmL |
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What are the cs of IMTP |
Petechial hemorrhages Ecchymotic hemorrhages weakness Lethargic |
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What are megakaryocytes |
Cells that produce platelets |
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The prognosis for IMTP is guarded to good and _______ may occur |
Relapse |
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What is Evans syndrome |
Having IMTP and IMHA at the same time |
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What tick spreads Ehrlichiosis |
The brown dog tick |
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Ehrlichiosis, the organism multiplies in what cells |
Mononuclear cells Fixed and circulating |
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Ehrlichiosis causes |
Platelet consumption Endothelial damage Erythrocyte destruction Suppression of bone marrow |
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What are the cs of acute Ehrlichiosis |
Depression
Anorexia Fever Weight loss Ocular and nasal discharge Dyspnea Edema Lymphadenopathy |
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What are the cs of chronic ehrlichiosis |
Bleeding tendencies Severe weight loss Debilitation Abdominal tenderness Anterior uveitis Retinal hemorrhages |
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What is the most common inherited hemostasis disorder |
Von Willebrand Disease (vWD) |
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vWD factor promotes what |
Platelet clumping |
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Who is prone to vWD |
Doberman Pinschers German Shepherds Labrador Retriever |
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What are the three levels of vWD |
Deficiency High deficiency No vWD |
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What are the cs of vWD |
Easy bruising Prolonged bleeding during estrus Prolonged belled from venipuncture |
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How is vWD diagnosed |
Buccal mucosal bleeding time >4 min |
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Most feline lymphomas are induced by |
FeLV |
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How are feline lymphoma diagnosed |
Mediastinal Alimentary Multicentric |
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Mediastinal lymphoma is the area |
Bw the lungs |
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Alimentary lymphoma is the area |
of the GI tract |
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What are the cs of mediastinal lymphoma |
Dyspnea Tachypnea Regurgitation Cough Anorexia Depression Weight loss Pleural effusion |
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What are the cs of alimentary lymphoma |
Vomiting Diarrhea Weight loss Intestinal obstruction |
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What is the most common form of lymphoma |
Multicentric lymphoma |
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Is there a cure for lymphoma |
No |
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What is the most common hematopoietic tumor in dogs |
Lymphosarcoma |
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What are the cs of canine lymphoma |
Enlarged peripheral lymph nodes Lehtargy weight loss Vomiting Diarrhea |
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How is predisposed to canine lymphoma |
Boxers Bullmastiffs Basset Hounds Saint Bernards Scottish Terriers |
