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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the contents of normal peripheral blood?
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RBCs (about the size of lymphocyte nuclei with 1/3 central pallor)
White cells Platelets |
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What is the difference between anisocytosis and poikilocytosis?
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Anisocytosis is when RBCs vary widely in size.
Poikilocytosis is when RBCs vary widely in shape. |
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What does the RDW measure?
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The range of red cell sizes (checks for anisocytosis.)
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What is microcytosis associated with?
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Iron deficiency, thalassemia, and sideroblastic anemia.
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What is macrocytosis associated with?
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Elevated reticulocyte count, B12/folate deficiency, liver disease, thyroid disease, chemotherapy, and antiretrovirals (AZT.)
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What are hypochromasia and polychromasia, and what measures them?
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Hypochromasia = red cells that have too little hemoglobin (as in iron deficiency.) Measured by MCH, mean corpuscular hemoglobin.
Polychromasia = red cells with a bluish tinge (probably reticulocytes.) |
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What diseases are target cells associated with?
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Liver disease, thalassemias, hemoglobin C, after splenectomy.
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What are spherocytes? When are they seen?
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Spherocytes are RBCs with a loss of central pallor.
This is seen in hereditary spherocytosis and autoimmune hemolysis. If due to autoimmune hemolysis, microspherocytes. |
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What are schistocytes? What are they associated with?
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Schistocytes are red cell fragments with sharp edges.
They are a hallmark of Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia (MAHA) |
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What is the difference between echinocytes and acanthocytes?
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Echinocytes (burr cells) have small, regular projections. Seen in renal disease.
Acanthocytes (spur cells) have larger, irregular projections. Seen in liver disease. |
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When are teardrop cells seen?
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Teardrop cells are seen in myelophthisic processes, which are diseases of bone marrow infiltration (myelofibrosis, metastatic tumors to marrow, granulomatous diseases, leukemias, and lymphomas.)
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What are Howell-Jolly bodies? When are they seen?
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Howell-Jolly bodies are small purple nuclear remnants in RBCs.
We see them after splenectomy or in cases of splenic hypofunction. |
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What do we see on the smear after splenectomy?
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Howell-Jolly bodies, target cells, acanthocytes, schistocytes, and nucleated red cells.
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What are rouleaux? When are they seen?
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Rouleaux are linear arrangements of red cells. They are seen in disorders with increased immunoglobulin (Multiple Myeloma or Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia) or hypoalbuminemia.
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When does red cell agglutination occur?
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Red cell agglutination occurs when red cells are coated with IgM. Not orderly and linear.
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What kind of cells are seen in iron deficiency anemia?
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Hypochromic, microcytic cells with increased platelets.
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What kind of cells are seen in beta thalassemia major?
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Target Cells
Howell-Jolly Bodies Nucleated RBCs Schistocytes Basophilic Stippling |
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What kind of cells are seen in megaloblastic anemia?
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Macrocytic RBCs and hypersegmented neutrophils.
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What kind of cells are seen in autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA)?
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Polychromatic RBCs and microspherocytes.
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