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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Stem cells comprise _____% of the bone marrow.
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Stem cells comprise .01-.05% of the bone marrow.
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Describe the two characteristic features of stem cells.
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Self-renewal (ability to proliferate) and
Differentiation (ability to produce specialized mature cell types.) |
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What's the difference between multipotential cells, progenitor cells, and precursor cells?
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Multipotential can differentiate into either myeloid or lymphoid cells.
Progenitor cells are committed to a specific cell lineage. Precursor cells develop into mature cells of the various myeloid lineages. |
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Where does red blood cell formation occur throughout life?
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3rd week of embryogenesis: fetal yolk sac
Shortly afterwards: liver 2nd trimester: spleen Term to age 4: all bone marrow Adults: Axial skeleton and proximal long bones. |
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How does the blood floow in the bone marrow?
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From the arterial circulation (cortical capillary system) to the venous circulation (medullary sinus.)
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What kinds of cells make up hematopoietic tissue stroma in bone marrow?
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Fat cells,
macrophages, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. |
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What kind of cells make up the extracellular matrix of bone marrow?
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Collagen,
fibronectin, laminin, proteoglycans, adhesion proteins. |
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What are the non-lineage specific growth factors?
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IL-3 and GM-CSF
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What are the lineage specific growth factors?
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G-CSF, M-CSF, IL-5, EPO, and TPO.
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What are the stages of erythropoiesis?
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Proerythroblast (large and very blue),
Basophilic erythroblast (very blue without nucleoli), Polychromatophilic erythroblast (grayish with smaller nucleus), Orthochromic erythroblast (reddish with very small nucleus), Reticulocyte (no nucleus, but mitochondria), Mature erythrocyte. |
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What are the stages of granulopoiesis?
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Myeloblast (large with high N:C ratio),
Promyelocyte (purple primary granules), Myelocyte (small nucleus, pink secondary granules specific for neutrophils, eosinophils, or basophils), Metamyelocyte (pink cytoplasm, kidney bean-shaped nucleus), Band (pink cytoplasm, horseshoe-shaped nucleus), Neutrophil |
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What is monocytopoiesis?
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Monoblasts mature into monocytes and become part of the mononuclear phagocyte system.
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What is lymphopoiesis?
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B-cells differentiate into bone marrow and travel to lymphoid organs.
T-cells differentiate in thymus and migrate to lymphoid organs. |
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What is megakaryocytopoiesis?
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Megakaryocytes mature into multi-lobed giant cells by endomitotic divisions. Granular cytoplasm released to bone marrow sinusoids in long platelet-containing ribbons.
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What is the difference between bone marrow aspiration and bone marrow biopsy?
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Aspiration is a liquid sample that is examined on a slide.
A bone marrow biopsy is a solid core of marrow examined as a histological specimen. |
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What are sites of bone marrow aspiration?
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Posterior iliac crest, sternum, anterior iliac crest, tibia/femur (birth - 12 months) and vertebral spinous processes (2 years - older children.)
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What are sites of bone marrow biopsy?
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Posterior and anterior iliac crest.
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How long do erythrocytes survive?
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120 days
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How much of the biconcave disc should the central pallor cover?
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1/3
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What are neutrophils?
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First line of defnse against microorganisms, respond to chemotactic molecules and engulf bacteria assisted by opsonins.
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What are eosinophils?
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Contain large granules that stain red with eosin, have IgA receptors and toxic cationic proteins that fight against parasites and participate in allergic reactions.
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What are basophils?
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Contain blue-black granules which contain histamine and are important for allergic reactions.
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What do monocytes phagocytose?
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Monocytes to not phagocytose anything - they become phagocytic as macrophages.
Macrophages phagocytose abnormal/senescent RBCs and neoplastic/foreigh cells. |
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Which cells come from the myeloid multipotential stem cell (CFU-GEMM)?
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Red cells, platelets, monocytes, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils.
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Which cells come from the lymphoid multipotential stem cell (CFU-L)?
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B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes.
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