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129 Cards in this Set
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Freuds Structural Therapy
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ID, EGO, SUPEREGO
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ID
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Present at birth pleasure principle immediate gratification
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EGO
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six months because of IDS inability to gratify all of the needs. Operates on the reality principle
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Defers gratificaton of the Ids instincts until an appropriate object is available in reality
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Reality principle
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Superego
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4-5 years of age
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Superego reward becomes __________ punishment becomes ______________
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ego ideal, conscience
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Freud defines anxiety as
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conflict between the ids impulses and demands of either reality or the superego
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Defense Mechanisms result when
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the ego is unable to resolve a conflict through rational realistic means
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Three areas of the mind based on freud
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Conscious, Preconscious, unconscious
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Repression is
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most basic defense because it is also the goal of all other defense mechanisms
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Freuds Fixation
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a client has unresolved conflict or trauma and is fixated on a certain stage
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Regression
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Person retreats to an earlier, safer stage of development and behaves in ways e.g. fetal position
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Introjection
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incorporating an object as it truly is in to the ego system assimilation
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Projection
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attributing one's own unacceptable instinctual needs to other people (thinks its a window when its actually a mirror)
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Reaction Formation
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Using the defense mechanism avoiding evoking instict by expressing its opposite
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Rationalization
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explaining one's unacceptable behaviors in ways which make them appear rational and socially acceptable.
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Displacement
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Transfer of instinctual drive from its original target to a less threatening target
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Sublimation
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displacement in which an unacceptable impulse is made acceptable e.g. likes to cut on people becomes a surgeon
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Freuds Devlopmental Theory
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Based on psychoSEXUAL stages of devlopment
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Freuds defin of maladaptive behavior
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result of unresolved unconscious conflicts which occured during childhood
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Freuds Goals
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alleviate pathological symptoms by makeing the unconscious conscious and reintegrating previously repressed material into personality structure
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Therapeutic Techniques of Freud
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Free Associations
Dream Analysis Resistance Tranference |
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Free Associations
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fundamental rule of psychoanyalysis client say whatever comes to mind without censure
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Dream Analysis
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the royal road to the unconscious helps uncover unconscious conflicts and motives
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Resistance
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as the unconscious becomes conscious the client may resist e.g missed appointments, tardiness, avoidance of certain topics or periods of silence during free association
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Transference
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positive or negative feelings and take on many forms including direct comments about the therapist and therapy
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Positive Transferance
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often underlies what appears to be a quick improvement in symptoms during the early stages of therapy
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Negative Transferance
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usually replace positive later in therapy
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Freuds Processes of therapy
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Clarification
Confrontation Interpretation Working through |
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Clarification
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Restating the clients remarks and feelings in clearer terms
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Confrontation
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statements which help the client see his or her behavior in a new way
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Interpretation
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connecting clients behavior to unconscious thoughts e.g. Is it possible your workaholism is a way to make sure you don't have to face rejection of men
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Catharsis
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emotional relsease resulting from the reacll of unconscious material paves the way for insight
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Working through stage
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final and LONGEST stage in psychoanalysis allows the client to gradually assimilate new insights into his or her personality.
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Jung rejected the premise that
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libido is primarily sexual in nature and instead defined it as a generalize force supplying energy to all aspects of life
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Jungs emphasis
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aspirations, goals, plans for the future on the personality
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Collective unconscious
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Jungs beliefs about a repository of latent memory traces the individual inherits form the cumulative exepriences of human species
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Personality Therapy
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Jungs theory
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Jungs structures of the mind
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Consciousness
Personal Unconscious Collective Unconscious |
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Jungs Concsiousnes
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Part of the psyce which represents conscious memories, perceptions, thoughts, and feelings
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Jungs Personal Unconscious
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Contains experiences memories which were once conscious but have been forgotten repressed or suppressed
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Jungs collective unconscious
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contains the experiences of past generationas
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Archetypes
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experiences in the collective unconscious becoming universal thought forms like Hero, Great Mother, Wise Old Man, Trickster
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Primary Goal of Jungian Theapy
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Indivduation various parts of personality are integratd to form a fully realized self.
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Process of Indivduation
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Incorporation of unconscious aspects of personality in the conscious aspects
Achievement of unity among the four psychological functions |
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4 psychological functions jund
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Thinking
Feeling Sensing Intuiting |
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Therapeutic Techniques
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Word Association
Analysis of Dreams symptom Analysis Life History |
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Word association test
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Jung used this to identify complexes that might be controlling the personality
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analysis of dreams
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Jung conducted to uncover unconscious elements of the personality, these elements are typically expressed in symbolic form
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Life History
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Jung developmental patterns which may have contributed to the individuals current neurotic behaviors.
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Alfred Adler
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Individual Psychology
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Alfred Adler disagreed
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on the role of the unconscious instinctual forces in the development of personality and his lack of attention to social factors.
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Personality Theory
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Inferiority feelings, striving for superiority and style of life are key concepts in Adlers theory of personality
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A______________ scar comes form the
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inferiority feeling
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Aderl believes the way a person deals with inferiority can determine
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Life Style
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Adlers lifestyles
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healthy= willing to cooperate with others for the common good
mistaken= self-centeredness, competitiveness, strivings for personal power. |
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Adlers view of maladaptive behavior
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mental disorders represent a mistaken style of life mistaken style of life
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Adlers therapeutic Goals
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Help client replace a mistaken style of life with a healthier more adaptive one high degree for social interest.
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Therapeutic Techniques of Adler
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Therapeutic Alliance
Helping client identify style of life and consequences reorienting clients attitudes to support a more adaptive style of life. |
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Life Style investigation Adler
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Birthorder, memories, distorted bliefs and attidues
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Birthorder
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Middle children-ambitious to surpass older siblings
LIFESTYLE IS FIXED BY AGE FORU OR FIVE |
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Study of Dreams Adlerians
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Dreams are rehearsals of future courses of action and use dreams to assess a clients current life-style and progress in therapy.
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Interpretation of resistance and transference Adler
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Resistances and transferences reflections of clients current style of life
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Role Play Adler
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Helps clients acquire new behaviors when a client says "If only I could the adler will ask him to role play the behavior desired.
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Adler encouragement and advice
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Clients are discouraged therapist should provide encouragement an advice
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Neo Freudians
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Erich Fromm
Karen Horney Harry Stack Sullivan |
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Personality Theory Horney
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Most interested in early interpersonal relationships
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Personality Theory Sullivan
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Importance of interpersonal relationships throughout the lifespan
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Personality theory Fromm
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more interested in the impact of the structure and dynamics of society on personality development.
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Neo Fruedians Mal adaptive Horney
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Anxiety as the basis of neurosis and origns of neurosis can be traced to childhood
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Horneys Anxiety Producers
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Parental Behaviors such as indifference, overprotectiveness, rejection cause basic anxiety
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Horneys explanation of maladaptive behavior
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to reduce anxiety child may become compliant and move toward people, detached and move away from people, or become aggressive and move against people.
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Sullivan Maladaptive Behavior
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Cognitive factors cause
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Sullivans three modes of cognitive experiences
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Prototaxic Mode few few months of life
Parataxid Mode Syntaxic Mode |
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Prototaxic
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Discrete series of momentary states
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Protataxic
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seeing causal connections between events occurring about he same time which are unrelated
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Syntaxic Mode
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logical, sequential, internally-consistent and modifiable thinking LANGUAGE ACQUISITON
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Parataxic Distortions
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Misperceptions which involve responding to a person as though he or she were a significant person from the past and occur as the result of arrest in the parataxis mode
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Fromms maladaptive
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Society inhibits people from fulfilling their human nature
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Fromms 5 Character Styles
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Receptive
Exploitative Hoarding Marketing Productive Types |
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Fromms only healthy charachter
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Productive Tyep
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Therapeutic Goals of Neofreudian Sullivan
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mental achieved to extent of awareness of interpersonal relationships identify and correct parataxic distortions
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Participant Observer
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Therapist role in Neo Freudian therapy
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integrative Psychotherapy
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Personality theory highlights value inherent in each individual human
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Integrative Personality Theory accounts for
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affective/emotional state, behavior, and thoughts and cognitions and physiological state and HUMAN DEVLOPMENT
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According to the Integrative therapists changes are
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new opportunities for learning
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View of Maladaptive Behavior for Integrative
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Related to unresolved or disowned aspects of the self
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Therapeutic Goals of Integrative
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1. Reducing use of Def. Mech
2. Maintainence of physical health 3. Engage and interact with people and the world reducing isolation |
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Theapeutic Effects of decreasing Defense Mechanism for Integ.
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DM represents a denial of the unresolved parts of self and thus discourage integration
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Client Centered Therpy
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Carl Rogers
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Rogers Theory
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all people have innate self-actuazling tendency
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Rogers
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urge to extend, expand, devlop, mature
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Personality Theroy
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Self or the organized consitent conceptual whole composed of perceptions of the I or me and the perception of realtions of i and me
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Maladaptive Behavior rogers
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Self become disorganized when there is INCONGRUENCE between the self and experience Worth
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rogers Anxiety
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incongruence between self and experience produces anxiety signals the unified self is being threatened.
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Rogers Belief about Parents
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Parents are initial source of conditional and unconditional positive regard client eventually becomes the source of this
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Therapeutic Goals of Rogers
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Help the client achieve congruence between self and experience
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Rogers Therapeutic Technques
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Unconditional positive regard
Empathetic understanding Genuineness (congruence) |
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Rogers believes that if the right environment with the therapist then
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congruence will be achieved
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Unconditional Positive Regard
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therapist must genuinely care about the client affirm worth and accept the client without evaluation. It does mean the therapist must approve of all the clients actions
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Emphatic understanding
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therapists ability to to see the world as the client does
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Congruence
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therapist genuine in therapy therapist must honestly communicate their feelings.
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Rogerian therapy is _______________ and ____________
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non directive and client centered
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Rogerian therapy is void of
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Advice giving
labels Manipulation intepretation |
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Clients are the ___________ in rogerian therapy
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Experts
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Gestalt
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Frederic Perls
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Gestalts
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based on the individual responsibility
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Gestalt Conepts
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1. People tend to seek closure
2. A persons gestalts perceptions of parts as a whole reflect current needs 3. Persons behavior represents the whole which is greater than the sum of its parts 4. Figure and Ground |
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Gestalts
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Figure and Ground
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Gestalt Personality theory
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Self, Self image
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Gestalts Self Actualization
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bringing self form potency to act
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Gestalts Self image
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darker side of personality imposes standards on client that limit self actuzliation
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Gestalt Personality
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depends on interaction with the enviornment
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Gestalt view of Maladpative Behavior
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Growth Disorder abandonment of self for self image boundary disturbances
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Introjection
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occurs when a person psychologically swallows whole concepts without assimiliation cant distinguish between me and not me usually over compliant
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Projection
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looking at a mirror and thinking its a window
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retroflector
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produces blocked rigid personality
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Confluence
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absence of a boundary between the self and environment intolerance of any differences between oneself and others underlies feelings of guilt and resentment
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Gestalt Therapy Goals
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Help client achieve maturity (self-responsbility and self-support) and integration (the ability to function as a systematic whole)
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Gestalt Philosophy
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No diagnostic labels
View historical events only as they relate to present |
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Gestalt therapists
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view transference as counterproductive
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Gestalt believe in dealing with the
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Here and Now
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Gestalt Therapy techniques use
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rules
games |
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Gestalt Therapy Techniques
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1.Directed Awareness
2. I language 3. Dialogue Games 4. "I take responsibility for it" 5. Dream Work |
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Gestalt Directed Awareness
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here and now direct questions
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Gestalt Language
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I language
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Gestalt Games
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1. Empty chair
2. Top Dog/ Underdog 3. Unfinished business empty chair |
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Gestalt Dream work
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Recurring dreams as representations of parts of the self no fully accepted, use dream work to help clients recover disowned parts of their personalities
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Gestalt therapy should never be used with
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Psychotic clients
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