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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Do helminths multiply in hosts? Exception?
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NO
Strongyloids |
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Morbidity of helminths is proportional to?
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Worm burden
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Symptoms of Ascariasis Lumbricoides?
Major problem? |
Roundworm
Common cold sym, inflammation, pulmonary eosinophilia & Loeffler's syn INTESTINAL OBSTURCTION |
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Common parasite in US daycares?
Infection strategy? Symptoms? Diagnostic test |
Enterobius Vermicularis (Pinworm....no hook!)
PERIANAL ITCHING & spread (seldom granuloma formation) Scotch tape test |
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What worm can cause Rectal Prolapse?
Diagnostic test? |
Trichuris trichura (whipworms...have HOOK)
also cuase peri-anal irritation Scotch tape test too! (like enterobius vermicularis) |
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Which worms form Rabdiform larva instead of eggs? consequence?
Symptoms? |
Necator & Ancylostoma (Hookworm)
Can penetrate skin DIRECTLY (no need for egg digestion) Heavy infections cause eosinophilia, anti-coagulation induction & ANEMIA |
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What are the only worms to Autoinfect hosts?
Infection similar what other worms? Symptoms? Treatment? |
Strongyloides
Can infect skin directly with rabidoform larva (like Necator & Ancylosoma (HOOKWORMS)) Epigastric pain, non-specific diarrhea, G- septicemia, infection of lungs resembles asthma/allergies Ivermectin |
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Trichinella spirilis Mech of infection?
Symptoms? |
Encyst in the tisues of pig -> eaten by humans -> invade human tissue
Periorbital edema, muscle pain & weakness |
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Main problem with anti-helminth drugs?
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Most drugs do not effect the IMMATURE (LARVAL) stages of parasite life-cycle, thus RE-INFECTION is a problem even is chemotherapy is effective
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Filarial Infections caused by? Symptoms? Mech of Infection (cool feature)?
Diagnostic Test? |
Wuchereria bancrofti & Brugia malayi
Elaphantitis, Tropical fever (hydrocele, lymphedema etc) & sometimes visual loss invovles INSECT VECTOR (not oral fecal)...can only DRAW BLOOD from infected person AT NIGHT (during day there will be no parasites) anti-filarial antibody DIPSTICK CARD TEST (can even use on field) |
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Onchocercia Volvulus symptoms? Diagnosis?
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1)Corneal opacification -> blindness (African River Blindness)
2)Significant SKIN pathology (collagenic capsules over bony parts of body (called "NODULES") NODULES are the only place you can get diagnosis/research material Pathology is associated with the host's immune response NOT parasite itself Infection leads to MORBIDITY (economic disruption) but not MORTALITY found ONLY IN HUMANS |
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Trematode cause pathology where/which species?
Pathology result of what? Carried by what host? |
S. Mansoni & Japonicum = LIVER
S. Hematobium = BLADDER Pathology associated with immune reaction to eggs Snails |
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What cuases "Swiss-cheese brain"
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Cysticersosis from Pork tap-worm (Cestode)
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Single huge cyst in brain from? Intermediate host?
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Echinococcus
Dog |
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4 Species causing malaria
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1) P. falciparum - most deaths
2) P. vivax - most common; benign malaria 3) P. ovale 4) P. malariae - 72 hour life cycle; can also cause RECRUDESENCE up to 20 years later |
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Reasons why Malaria is still around and getting worse (5)?
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1) DRUG RESISTANCE
2) People moving 3) Insecticdide resistance 4) Climate change 5) No Pharm company interest - No money in curing malaria |
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Most species of Plasmodium have __ life cycle? Exception 1? 24hr excpetion?
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48 hours
P. malarariea = 72 hours Monkey parasites = 24 hours |
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Moratliy complications of malaria?
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1) Severe anemia
2) Renal failure 3) Respiratory distress (v RBC = v O2 = respiratory distress) 4) Cerebral Malaria/Coma (only by P FALCIPARUM) |
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Only Plasmodium species to cause Cerebral Malaria/Coma?
Detected in blood smear? |
P. Falciparum
NOOOOO!!! You will never see P. falciparum in a blood smear because they are NOT CIRCULATING, but rather STUCK ONTO WALLS OF BLOOD VESSELS |
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Who does malaria many kill?
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1) Children UNDER FIVE in endemic contries
2) Travelers (doesnt matter how old you are) |
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Malarial immunity is?
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1) Transient (can lose after awhile)
2)CLINICAL, NOT STERILE "immune" people still have parasites in bloodstream, just no complications |
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When do immune women become susceptible to malaria again?
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during FIRST PREGNANCY (PLACENTAL MALARIA; major cuse of low-birth weight babies, spontaneous abortions, and stillbirths)
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Gold standard for diagnosis of Malaria?
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mea and GIEMSA stain
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Problem with malarial meds?
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HAVE TO TAKE EVERYDAY - low complience
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Anopheles mosquito bite only?
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at NIGHT
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Oldest and best malarial treatment?
Use when, why? |
Quinine
Saved for LAST b/c if we get resistance to it, we are in trouble |
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Traveling to C. America & Middle East use...
Traveling to anywhere else use... |
Cholorquine
Doxycycline or Mefloquine |
