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60 Cards in this Set
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Flat leaf like No body cavity Incomplete gut No segmentation |
Trematodes ( flukes) |
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Only bisexual in trematodes |
Schistosoma sps |
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1. S. Hematobium - terminal spine 2. S. Mansonii - lateral spine 3. S. Japonicum - round lateral knob |
Schistosoma is the only trematode that produce unopperculated eggs |
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Diag of katayama fever |
FAST ( falcon assay screening test) Elisa |
Schistosomiasis Commonly with S. Japonicum ( severe) And S. Mansonii & S. Intercalatum ( schistosoma is bisexual, FAST Elisa, katayama fever) |
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Operculated eggs |
All trematodes except Schistosoma Diphyllobothrium latum ( only cestode) |
Here: GI flukes |
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All flukes ( trematodes) are treated with ___ except ___ |
Praziquantel Except F. Hepatica and F. Gigatica treated with Triclabendazole |
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Trematodes: Largest tissue fluke - Fasciola gigantica Largest fluke infecting man - Fasciolepis buskii
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Cestodes: Largest tapeworm infecting man - Diphyllobothrium latum 4-10 m & 5000 proglottids Smallest tapeworm - Hymenolepis nana 4-5 cm & 200 proglottids |
Nematodes: Longest round worm - Ascaris lumbricoids Smallest round worm - Strongyloides stercoralis |
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Parasites acq by skin penetration |
1. Schistosoma 2. Hookworm 3. Non human Hookworm causing cutaneous larva migrans 4. Strongyloides |
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Shoulered operculated egg from sputum or stool |
Lung fluke (Paragonimus westermani) |
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Operculated egg with knob at abopercular end 70×45 micron |
D. Latum |
Adult worms can also be seen in stools 6-10 m 5000 proglottids Largest tapeworm (Boat has knob)
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Helminth ass with B12 def / megaloblastic anemia |
D. Latum called Bothriocephalus anemia |
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Parasitic inf from poorly cooked beef |
1. Tinea saginata 2. Toxoplasma gondii 2. Sarcocystis hominis |
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Uncooked beef |
T. Saginata T. Gondii S. Hominis
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Sag gondi home cow🐄 |
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Uncooked pork |
T. Solium T. Gondii S. Suihominis Trichinella spiralis T. Saginata asciatica
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Sol gondi suihome spiral sagasia pig 🐷 |
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Egg ( 35×45micron) and proglottid in stool |
T. Saginata |
Eggs of saginata and solium are undifferentiable. Adult worm saginata:15-30 uterine segments, 4-6 m long, 1000-2000 segments, unarmed |
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Egg ( 35×45micron) and proglottid in stool |
T. Solium |
Eggs of saginata and solium are undifferentiable Adult worm of solium: 7-15 uterine segments 2-3 m long 800-1000 segments Armed |
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Parasites acquired by autoinfection |
Cryptosporidium Capillaria phillippinensis H. Nana Enterobium Strongyloides T. Solium
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CCHEST |
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Hydatid cyst |
E. Granulosus |
Man is a dead end host Inf by dog feces containing egg Encysted larva is called hydatid cyst |
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Arc5 immunielectrophoresis / Elisa Casoni's test |
E. Granulosis ( hydatid cyst) (Immediate HSR) |
Montenegro test delayed HSR for visc leishmania |
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Diarrhea alternating with constipation |
D. Latum |
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Non bile stained egg in stool |
H. Nana |
Other non bile stained eggs: (neha) Necator americans Enterobius vermicularis Hymenolepis nana Ancylostoma duodenale |
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Uncooked fish |
Clonorchis sinensis Opisthorchis felineus Opisthorchis veverenii Heterophyes heterophyes Metagonimus yokogawii D. Latum Capillaria phillippinensis |
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Used for |
Enterobius vermicularis |
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Planoconvex shaped Safety pin appearance with folded larva Double layered egg shell Not bile stained Float in sat salt soln |
E. Vermicularis |
No eosinophila IgE normal |
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B12 def anemia - D. Latum |
Iron def anemia - whip worm ( T. Trichura) Hookworm |
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Bloody / mucoid diarrhea resembling IBD Anemia Rectal prolapse in severe ds |
T. Trichura |
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Proctoscopy - coconut cake rectum |
Bipolar mucus plug Barrel shaped |
T. Trichura IBD like ds Iron def anemia Rectal prolapse in children |
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1. Harada mori filter paper test 2. Baermann funnel technique 3. Entero test ( string test) |
Agar plate method ( best) Elisa Luciferase immunoprecipitation test
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S. Stercoralis |
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Larva currens / racing larva around perianal skin & skin of thigh |
Widespread inf in : AIDS HIV type 1 Glucocortucoid Rx Transplant recipients Cause gram -ve sepsis |
S. Stercolaris |
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Mc helmithic ds in world - ascariasis |
2nd mc - hookworm |
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Female worms are parthenogenic in ___ |
Strongyloides stercolaris |
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Post prandial accentuation of epigastric pain |
Hookworm |
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Non bile stained eggs |
Necator americans Enterobius vermicularis Hymenolepis nana Ancylostoma duodenale (Unfertilized eggs of Ascaris lumbricoids) |
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Parasitic inf by skin penetration |
Schistosome S. Stercolaris N. Americans A. Duodenale Non human hookworms ( cutaneous larva migrans) |
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Hookworm |
A. Duo & N. Americans eggs are undifferentiable Hook has 4 blastomeres |
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Mc human helminth ds |
Ascaris lumbricoids |
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Severe Loeffler syndrome Cxr: patchy round infiltrates |
Ascaris lumbricoids |
No iron def anemia Cause obs symptoms Larva carwls out |
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Malnutrition Obstruction Vitt A def Restless wanders ( from mouth, nose, ear) |
A. Lumbricoids |
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Visceral or ocular larva migrans |
Nonhuman roundworms ( nematodes) : Toxacara canis (mc) Toxacara cati Ascaris suum Baylisascaris pyrocyonis Angiostrongyloides costaricensis ( & cantonensis) Gnaltostoma spinigerum |
(Toxic Canis & cati took Suu went to bay Strong angio halted and spining) Last 3 can cause eosinophilic meningoencephalitis Mc with angiostrong More severe with ganthostoma
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Cutaneous larva migrans |
Nonhuman hookworms: Ancylostoma brasiliensis Ancylostoma caninum Bunostomium Uncicaria Gnaltostoma |
Brasil Canne Bonus Unseen Halt |
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Which mimic retinoblastoma |
Ocular larva migrans |
Albendazole 5-20 days |
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Treatment of helminthic inf |
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Nurse cells Bachman Ag ( prep from rabbit) |
Trichinella spiralis |
Affect muscles esp EOM |
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Eggs that don't float in sat salt soln |
Tenia eggs Unfertilized egg of ascaria Gi fluke eggs |
Tiny Un Oscar Gi flukes |
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Chandler's index |
No. of hookworm eggs per gram of stool |
> 300 major public health problem |
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DEC/ hetrazan provocative test Membrane filtration ( polycarbonate filters) Knott's concentration method |
Lymphatic filariasis W. BancroftiB. MalayiB. Timori ( only in Indonesia) |
Other tests: Micro hematocrit tube test ( also in plasmodium) Elisa and ICT PCR |
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Giemsa stain of microfilariae of W. Bancrofti |
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Giemsa stain of B. Malayi |
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Microfilariae of B. Timori |
Sheath is unstained |
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CXR: interstitial thickening with diffuse nodular molting Nocturnal paroxysmal cough Raised ESR Inc eosinophils No microfilaria in blood
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Tropical pulmonary eosinophila Weingarten syndrome |
More in males than females 4:1 HSR to Mf antigen Rx: DEC 6mg/kg for 12 weeks |
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LN enlargement HSM Pulm symptoms Raised ESR Inc eosinophils No mf in blood |
Occult filariasis Meyer kouwenaar synd |
HSR to Mf antigen Rx: DEC 6mg/kg for 12 weeks |
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Unstained sheath (Unsheathed mf in onchocerca) |
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Loa loa |
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Bachman id test |
Trichinella spiralis |
Periorbital edema Myocarditis Nurse cells |
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Mansonella streptocercans |
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M. Perstans |
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M. Ozzardi |
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Cyclops ( copepods / crustaceans)
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Stagnant water Vector of D. Latum Dracunculus medinensis Gnathostoma spinigerum |
Killed by temephos 1 ppm |
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Extraction of worm of Dracunculus over 15-20 days Antiseptics can be used Thiobendazole/ niridazole/ mebendazole hasten it |
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Occular angiostrangyliasis |
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Doesn't float in sat salt soln |
Unfertilized eggs of ascaris Larva of strongyloides Tenia eggs Operculated eggs of trematodes |
ULsTOt |
