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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Type of D cause: - pieces of the pie (any piece/factor will cause D) |
Component |
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Type of D cause: -whole pie (therefore require all pieces/factors for D to occur) |
Sufficicent |
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Type of D cause: - most important piece of pie (if this piece/factor is present D will occur) |
Necessary |
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Types of Disease Causes in terms of epidemiology... |
Component Sufficient Necessary |
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Why do we investigate an outbreak? |
1. understand the cause 2. identify methods for controlling it 3. prevent any further occurrence |
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What are the temporal patterns of D? |
Endemic Sporadic Epidemic Pandemic Outbreak |
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Temporal Pattern of Disease: - D is always present (often at low occurrence) eg liver fluke, anthrax and trichomoniasis are considered ________ to NSW |
Endemic |
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Temporal Pattern of Disease: - D occurs infrequently and without discernible patterns Scenario: agent/factor only rarely infects host, however is normally present and other causes trigger D eg Bovine mastitis forms |
Sporadic |
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Temporal Pattern of D: - D occurrence clearly exceeds what is normal Scenario: gross imbalance b/w agent and host eg. new strain agent, host is exposed to an agent for the first time |
Epidemic |
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Temporal Pattern of D: - widespread epidemic spanning countries and/or continents |
Pandmeic |
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Temporal Pattern of D: - sudden increase in # of causes - unusual occurrence |
Outbreak |
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Measure of D frequency in a pop: - quantifies existing causes - counts # of existing cases at a certain time point |
Prevalence |
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Measure of D frequency in a pop: - quantifies the occurrence of new cases - counts # of new cases over a period of time |
Incidence |
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2 means of measuring D frequency in a pop... |
1. Prevalence 2. Incidence |
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a disease that is not normall;y present in a region or a pop. |
Exotic Disease |
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What are some examples of exotic Ds to Australia? |
- Foot and Mouth - Avian Influenza - Newcastle D - Scrapie |
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a disease that is likely to have very serious consequences for trade, animal or human health eg Anthrax and Hendra virus |
Emergency Animal Disease |
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the study of disease in populations |
Epidemiology |
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a disease for which suspicion of presence or diagnosis is required by law to be reported to the relevant local animal health authorities eg. Anthrax (endemic to NSW) and Newcastle D (exotic in NSW) |
Notifiable Disease |
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Define what livestock biosecurity is: |
a set of measures used for protecting a population from infectious diseases at national, regional and farm levels. used to prevent diseases, pests and weeds from entering the property and spreading from infected to uninfected areas. |
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What are the main ways Disease can be spread? |
main ways disease can spread are from interactions between: - Livestock, including interspecies - People - Vehicles and equipment - Feed and water - Air - Pests and weeds |
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What are the 2 parts to a farm biosecurity plan? |
Part one: involves using measures to reduce the risk of introducing an infectious disease, pest or weed onto the property. Part 2: encompasses measures to reduce the risk of spreading disease |
