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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Contraception
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Intentional prevention of pregnancy during sexual intercourse.
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Birth control
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Device and or practice to decrease the risk of conceiving, or bearing, offspring
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Family Planning
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The conscious decision on when to conceive or acoid pregnancy throughout the reproductive years
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Questions to ask regarding birth control methods
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1. Current knowledge - previous and current methods (success/ satisfaction)
2. Partner - number of partners, support, frequency of intercourse 3. Personal considerations - religion/ culture, comfort with own body, motivation/ self-control, short-term versus long term, temporary vs. permanent 4. Cost 5. Health status/ medications |
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Questions asked by patients regarding contraceptives
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1. Does it work? (lowest reported failure rate, lowest expected failure rate, typical failure rate)
2. Is it safe? (A full term pregnancy carries more health risks than any contraceptive method) |
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Method Categories
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1. Behavioral
2. Barrier 3. Hormonal 4. Permanent |
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Behavioral Contraception
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1. Abstinence
2. Withdrawal - pull out 3. Lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) 4. Fertility awareness or periodic abstinence - rhythm method |
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Abstinence
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No vaginal intercourse - no genital contact (outcourse)
100% effective Cost = FREE |
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Withdrawal
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1. Penis withdrawn from vagina prior to ejaculation - penis must be dry when inserted in
2. Less effective 3. Cost = FREE Problems: - Requires a great amount of self control - "pre-ejaculatory cum" |
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LAM
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Lactation abstinence method (continuous breast feeding)
1. Breast feed exclusively and on demand for up to 6 months after delivery 2. Less effective 3. Cost = FREE (other than the baby) Problems: - Must use both breasts q4h, and should wake the baby up to feed (impractical) |
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Fertility Awareness
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1. Calendar charting
2. Basal body temperature charting 3. Cervical mucous charting |
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Barrier Methods
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1. Male condom
2. Vaginal condom (vaginal pouch) 3. Diaphragm 4. Cervical cap 5. Vaginal barrier |
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Male Condom
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1.Less effective
2.OTC availability 3. Cost: $0.25 (dry) $0.50 (lubricated) $2.50 (animal tissue) *Speracide coated condoms provide no added protection, and are no longer recommended |
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Female Condom
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1. Less effective
2. OTC availability 3. Cost: $2.50 |
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Diaphragm/ Cervical cap/ Vaginal barrier
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1. Less effective
2. Perscription only 3. Cost: $25 (diaphragm) $66 (FemCap) $65 (Lea's Sheild) $50-125 + examination *Spermacide ($8) required |
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Cervical Caps
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1. Can be left in a maximum of 48 hours - come in different sizes
Small - never pregnant Medium - preterm, spontaneous, or elected abortion Large - Full term labor |
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FemCap
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1. Brim of FemCap designed to flare outward like an inverted funnel
2. Outward flaring met by the physiologic inward concentric contraction of the vagina holds device in place |
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Lea's Shield
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1. Body of device is medical grade silicone rubber
2. Incorporated valve 3. Control loop |
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S/S of toxic shock syndrome (TSS)
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1. Sudden high fever
2. Vomiting, diarrhea 3. Dizziness, faintness, weakness 4. Sore throat, aching muscles and joints 5. Sunburn like rash |
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Spermacide
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Inactive 1 hour after administration
1. Less effective 2. OTC availability 3. Cost: $8 applicator kits of foam or gell, films or suppositories (refills = $4-8) |
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Intrauterine contraception (IUC)
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1. More effective
2. Perscription only 3. Cost: $400-600 exam, insertion, and follow up visit - Parafard - 10 year use (copper) - Mirena - 5 year use (progesterone) *worldwide most popular form of contraception |
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IUC - how it works
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1. Immobilizes sperm and interferes with migration from vagina to fallopian tubes
2. Speeds transport of egg through fallopian tubes 3. Prevents implantation of fertilzed egg |
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IUC risks
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1. 50% spontaneous abortion rate with IUC
2. 25% spontaneous abortion rate if IUC removed early in pregnancy 3. 5% ectopic pregnancy rate |
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PAINS - possible S/S of infection or pregnancy with IUC
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P - PERIOD late (pregnancy), PAIN with intercourse
A - ABDOMINAL pain, ABNORMAL spotting or bleeding I - INFECTION exposure (STD) N - NOT feeling well fever chills S - STRINGS shorter, longer, missing |
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Hormonal Methods
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1. More effective
2. Perscription only 3. Cost - $25/ month and up |
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Hormonal Method Mechanism of Action
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1. Prevents release of egg
2. Thickens cervical mucous to keep sperm from joining egg 3. Prevents fertilized egg from imlanting in uterus |
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Hormonal Methods
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1. Oral contraceptive pills
2. Transdermal patch - less effective in women >198 lbs. 3. Vaginal ring 4. Injections 5. Implants 6. Intrauterine contraception 7. Emergency contraception |
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Emergency Contraception
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1. Prevents implantation
2. Give first dose ASAP 3. Most effective 12-24 hours after intercourse 4. Less likely to be effective after 72 hours |
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Adverse effects to hormonal contraception (ACHES)
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A - abdominal pains severe
C - chest pain (severe), cough H - headache (severe), dizziness, weakness, numbness E - eye problems (blurring or blindness) S - severe leg pain (upper or lower), SOB, speech problems |
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Permanent Contraception
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1. More effective
2. Perscription only 3. Essure - $1300-$3500 4. Bilateral tubal ligation $2000-$6000 5. Vasectomy - $500-$1000 |
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Nursing Actions regarding contraception
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1. Screen, Screen, Screen
2. Provide verbal and written instructions on mechanism of action, use, side effects, precautions 3. Provide anticipatory guidance about nuisance symptoms (#1 side effect of hormonal contraception is spotting) 4. Inform clients of E.C. options 5. Maintain open lines of communication |
