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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are you inspecting and palpating for in regards to the hair?
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Quality, distribution, texture, and pattern of loss.
Examples: alopecia & pediculosis |
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What are you inspecting and palpating for in regards to the scalp?
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scaling, nevi, masses, or other lesions
Examples: psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, cysts |
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What are you inspecting and palpating for in regards to the skull?
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The size and contour including deformities, depressions, lumps, or tenderness.
Examples: hydrocephalus (picture) & plagocephaly |
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What are you inspecting and palpating for in regards to the face?
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Note symmetry, facial expression, and contour of face. Not involuntary movements, edema, and masses.
Examples: bells palsy, cushings disease, nephrotic syndrome, parkinsons (picture). |
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What are you inspecting and palpating for in regards to the skin?
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Color, pigmentation, texture, thickness, hair distribution and lesions.
Example: hirsutism, acne, vitaligo, lupus mallor butterfly rash |
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What are you inspecting and palpating for at the tempomandibular joint?
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Swelling and feeling for clicking, popping, or encumbrance to freedom of motion.
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What are you feeling for during lymph node palpation?
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Size, shape, delimitate, mobility, consistency, and tenderness.
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What kind of abnormality is ptosis?
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eyelid abnormality due to oculomotor nerve damage
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What kind of abnormality is lid retraction & exophthalmos?
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Eyelid abnormality due to hyperthyroidism.
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What kind of abnormality is entropion?
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eyelid abnormality seen in geriatric patients where the lower or upper lid retracts and lashes rub up against sclera.
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What kind of disorder is ectropion?
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eyelid abnormality where eyelids fall outward. Very common to get dry eye.
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What is the typical presentation of conjunctivitis?
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Pink or red eye that can be unilateral or bilateral.
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What will a subconjunctival hemorrhage look like and when situations can cause it?
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Looks like the picture. Blood in the conjunctiva. Caused by trauma, vomitting, forceful coughing especially if on blood thinners. Takes time to heal.
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What is pinguecula and why do you get it?
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A triangular area of yellow tissue in the eye that is due to constant dry eyes.
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What is episcleritis?
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Redness or inflammation on medial cantus side of eye.
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What is a hordeolum and what is it caused by?
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This is a sty (on lid margin) that can have warmth to it and is caused by a virus
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What is a chalazion and what can it be caused by?
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It is a lump or cyst under the eyelid (NOT on the margin) that can be caused by recurrent sty's.
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What is xanthelasma and what causes it?
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This is plaque like growth on the eyes caused by hyperlipideamia.
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What is arcus senilis and what can cause it?
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This is a light coloring (halo) around cornea. Can be caused by hyperlipidemia.
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What is the test for visual acuity and what cranial nerve does it test?
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The snellen eye chart, cranial nerve II
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What cranial nerve do the extra ocular eye movements test for and what is the method of testing?
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Tests cranial nerves III,IV,VI.
Method is testing the 6 cardinal directions of gaze. |
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how far away do you hold the visual acuity chart? What about the handheld chart?
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20ft, 14 in for handheld
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What is a normal visual acuity?
What does the first number and second number indicate? |
20/20
1st number: indicates distance of patient from chart 2nd number: indicate distance at which a normal eye can read numbers |
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What visual acuity is considered legally blind?
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20/200
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What problem does a central visual field defect indicate?
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optic disc or nerve problem
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What is a scotoma?
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area of partial alteration in the field of vision
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What are the causes of central visual field defects?
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Optic neuropathy, macular degeneration, macular hole, cone dystrophies, Best’s disease, Stargardt’s disease, achromatopsia
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What kind of visual field defect is this and what are its causes?
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peripheral, have a defect in the visual pathways from the optic chiasm back.
Causes: Retinitis pigmentosa, chorioretinitis, glaucoma, retinal detachment, Leber’s optic atrophy |
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What six muscles are you testing when doing the 6 cardinal directions of gaze test for EOM?
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Superior rectus, lateral rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique, medial rectus, superior rectus
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What would you use the blue light of the opthalmoscope for?
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To evaluate for corneal abrasions or ulcers after fluorescein staining of the cornea.
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What is papilledema and what are some of its causes?
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Welling of the optic disc and anterior bulging of the physiologic cup
Meningitis, subarachnoid hemorrhage, trauma, mass lesions Is a medical emergency |
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How do arteries and veins differe in size, color, and light reflex in the eye?
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Arteries: light red, smaller, and look bright
Veins: dark red, larger, and inconspicuous or absent |
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What are some common abnormalities seen in the eye due to HTN?
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copper wiring, A-V nicking (concealment), soft exudates-cotton wool patches, hard exudates
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Red spots and streaks in the fundi are due to what?
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microaneurysms and neovascularization
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Why are infants more likely to have ear infections?
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Eustachian tube is more horizontal in infants
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What is the auditory acuity test and what cranial nerve is it testing?
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Whisper test assesses CN VIII
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What is the weber test for and what kind of hearing loss does it detect?
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Lateralization of sound. If present suspect conduction loss.
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When comparing air and bone conduction with the Rinne test which should be greater?
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Air conduction should be greater than bone conduction.
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If bone conduction is greater or equal to air conduction then what kind of hearing loss should you suspect?
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Conduction loss
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If the air conduction is more than twice as long as bone conduction what kind of hearing loss should you suspect?
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Sensorineural loss
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If the ear tug test hurts what kind of ear infection might the patient have?
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Otitis externa
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What is a normal reason the tympanic membrane might be red on otoscopic examination?
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It can be red in a patient who has been coughing a lot or has a fever.
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What is a cholesteotoma?
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growth on the tympanic membrane
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What is an allergic shiner?
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Dark circles around the eye due to allergies
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What causes hutchinson's teeth?
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congenital syphilis
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What causes tooth hypoplasia with brown discoloration
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Taking antibiotics like tetracycline
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What is a cause of tooth attrition?
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Bruxism or grinding
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What is a common presentation of thrush in the mouth?
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Whiteness of the tongue that can be scrapped off.
If it can't be scrapped off it might be leukoplakia (precursor to squamous cell carcinoma of the mouth). |
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What are common or concerning symptoms of the neck/thyroid?
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lumps, pain, stiffness
Temperature intolerance, excessive sweating |
