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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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List some causes of conductive hearing loss
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Cerumen, middle ear effusion, FB, cholesteoma, otosclerosis
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List some causes of sensorineural hearing loss
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schwannoma, noise induced trauma, measles, mumps, meniere's, ototoxic meds - ASA, age, acustic neuroma
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What are some common causes of tinnitus
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Trauma, noise, meniers,
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What are the sx of external otitis
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px, reddness, swelling, dishcarge. Associated also with swimmer's ear.
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What is necrotizing otitis externa (malignant external otitis)
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persistent otitos in DM or immunocompromised evolving into osteomyelitis of the skull base.
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What are the most common bacterial pathogens causing acute OM
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strep pneumo, strep pyrogens, H. flu
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What is serous otitis media
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fluid build up behind TM, post infection, allergies
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How might a pt with Meniere's disease present
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vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss. Episodic; >30 minutes <4 hours
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How might a pt with labyrinthitis present
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sudden acute vertigo. Most commong form of vertigo. Post URI
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How might a pt with benign positioning vertigo present
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sudden vertigo onset from a change in the person's head position. Ca+ sediment in hear canal breaks free
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How might a pt with acoustic neuroma (vestibular schwannoma) present
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hearing loss, unilateral, sudden. Sensorineuroal
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What is rhinitis medicamentosa
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chronic rebound nasal congestion from over use of afrin (oxymetazoline)
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How might a pt with acute sinusitis present
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facial px and tenderness, toothache, HA, fever
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How might a pt with nasal polyps present
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recurrent sinus infection because sinus's can't drain, chronic obstruction. Hx allergies or asthma
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How might a pt with nasopharyngeal carcinoma present
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vague sx, persistent unilateral nasal obstruction, proptosis, discharge, bleeding, ill-fitting dentures, doesn't get better
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What is a peritonsillar abscess (quinsy) how do you treat it
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abscess on tonsils. ST, fever, swollen glands, denies hoarsness - cough or coryza. Caused by Group A beta strep, mono, diphtheria. Tx I&D
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What is a complication of strep pharyngitis
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rhematic fever, glomerular nephritis
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What pathogens cause external otitis
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gram negative rods or fungi
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Describe typical SS adn Tx for: acute OM
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SS: pressure, decreased hearing often fever. Tx: ABX nasal decongestants
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Describe typical SS adn Tx for: Acute mastoiditis
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SS: post auricular px, erythema, spiking fever. Tx: IV antibiotics, myringotomy for culture and drainage
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Describe typical SS adn Tx for: Serous OM
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Tx: oral corticosteroids, and oral ABX like acute OM
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Describe typical SS adn Tx for: Chronic OM
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SS: purulent discharge, conductive hearing loss, increased SS during URI. Tx: removal of debris, protective earplugs, topical ABX
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Name some complications of middle ear infections:
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mastoiditis, petrous apicitis, otogenic skull osteomyelitis, facial paralysis, sinus thrombus, CNS infection
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What is cervical vertigo
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dysfunction of the cervical proprioception sites located in thefacet joints.
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What is perilymphatic fistula
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blunt head trauma like a hand slap to ear, extreme baro-trauma, vigorous valsavla. may require surgery
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What is acoustic neuroma
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benign lesion within internal auditory canal. unilateral hearing loss with sudden onset, decreased speech, continious disequilibrium.
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Describe 1. Cause 2. SS 3. Tx for: viral rhinitis (common cold)
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1. rhinovirus, adenovirus, corona virus, RSV 2. HA, congestion, scratchy throat, malaise, fever less likely. 3. comfort measures, time
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Describe 1. Cause 2. SS 3. Tx for: allergic rhinitis
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1. exposures creating release of IgE antibodies 2. sneezing, itching, etc. 3. intranasal steroids, topical antihistamines, systemci antihistamines
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Describe 1. Cause 2. SS 3. Tx for: rhinitis medicamentosa
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1. chronic rebound nasal congestion associated iwth over use of afrin. 3. stop use of afrin - duh!
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Describe 1. Cause 2. SS 3. Tx for: acute sinusitis
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1. URI, allergies, strep pneumo, H. flu, 2. facial px, HA, fever 3. ABX
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Describe 1. Cause 2. SS 3. Tx for: viral pharyngitis
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1. HIV, flu, mono 2. URI sx 2. comfort measures, time
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Describe 1. Cause 2. SS 3. Tx for: bacterial pharyngitis
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1. N. Gonorrhea, mycoplasma Pneumo, chlamydophilia Pneumo
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Describe 1. Cause 2. SS 3. Tx for: infectious mono
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2. enlarged tonsils with shaggy white-purple membrane that may extend into nasopharynx, breath fetid
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Identify several causes of sores and ulceration in mouth
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candidiasis, aphthous ulcer (canker sores) herpes stomatitis, sialadenitits (stones in duct)
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Describe common cause of hoarseness
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vocal cord disorder due to harsh turbulent air flow from tumor or swelling; viral laryngitis or squamous cell carcinoma of larynx. If persists > 2 wks, further eval necessary.
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HEENT
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HEENT
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HEMATOLOGY
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HEMATOLOGY
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