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95 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How many Americans currently have HIV? |
1.6 million |
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STI's are most common in:
- - - - |
- People under the age of 25 -Minorities -Women -Men who have sex with men |
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Who leads the Western World in STIs? |
U.S. |
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What age range makes up 35% of the sexually active population, but 50% of all STIs? |
15-24 year olds |
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1/4 of ________ in the U.S. have an STI |
teenage girls |
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1/2 of _________ in the U.S. have STI |
African American girls |
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The cervix of young women is biologically what? |
immature and more susceptible to infection |
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What are 4 examples of Bacterial Infections? |
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
Syphilis
Bacterial vaginosis |
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What is the most reported bacterial STI in the U.S.? |
Chlamydia |
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How is Chlamydia usually transmitted? |
through unprotected anal or vaginal intercourse, and through childbirth |
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What are the Chlamydia symptoms for women and what percentage are asymptomatic? |
75% asymptomatic
Vaginal discharge and bleeding
Pelvic/abdominal pain |
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What are the Chlamydia symptoms for men and what percentage are asymptomatic? |
50% asymptomatic
Swollen/tender testicles
Scant discharge from urethra |
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What is the the leading cause of preventable infertility and ectopic pregnancy in women? |
Chlamydia |
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40% develop PID and 29% of those become infertile when ______ goes untreated. |
Chlamydia |
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Diagnosis and treatment of Chlamydia |
Cervical smear in women and test of urethral fluid in men; cured with antibiotics |
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What is the oldest sexual disease? |
Gonorrhea |
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Symptoms of Gonorrhea in women include: |
pain/burning on urination
spotting
yellow/green discharge |
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Symptoms of Gonorrhea in men include: |
redness at tip of penis
discharge from penis
burning on urination |
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Gonococcal conjunctivitis |
autoinoculation |
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Who has the highest number of people with Gonorrhea? |
Blacks |
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Syphilis prevalence is ______ in the U.S. |
increasing |
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How is syphilis transmitted? |
through direct contact: anal, oral, or vaginal intercourse, and through child birth |
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During stage 1 or Primary Syphilis the development of _________ happens in ______ weeks. |
chancre
2-4 weeks |
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During stage 2 or secondary syphilis (33%) _____ and ________ develop. |
body rash
flu-like symptoms |
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During stage 3 or tertiary syphilis damage to the ___, ___, ___, ____, and ____ occurs. |
damage to the brain, nerves, joints, heart, and eyes |
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In the case of congenital syphilis ____% of untreated mothers will lose their baby. |
40% |
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In the case of congenital syphilis, what is essential? |
Early antibiotic treatment |
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How is Syphilis diagnosed? |
by examining material from sore under a microscope and testing for antibodies in blood |
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Syphilis is easily curable in _______ |
early stages |
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What is a treatment for syphilis? |
penicillin |
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What is the most common infection in women of childbearing age? |
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) |
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Bacterial Vaginosis, specifically vaginitis, is an overgrowth of what? |
"bad" bacteria |
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With vaginitis, what change occurs? |
change in vaginal flora |
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Symptoms of vaginitis include: |
pain
itching
burning |
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Sexually transmuted viruses ______ be cured |
cannot |
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Sexually transmitted viruses can sometimes be overcome by what? |
the immune system |
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What are some examples of viral infections?
- - - - |
-HPV
-Herpes
-Viral hepatitis
-HIV/AIDS |
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What is the world's most common sexually transmitted virus, with over 100 types? |
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) |
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By age 50, 50% - 80% of sexually active Americans will have had what? |
HPV |
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More than 30 types of HPV are transmitted how? |
sexually transmitted |
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Of the more than 30 types of HPV that are sexually transmitted, how are they transmitted? |
anal, oral, or vaginal sex, skin-to-skin contact, and through childbirth |
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High risk types of HPV are what? |
oncogenic |
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High risk types of HPV are oncogenic and can cause what? |
precancerous changes of the cervix, vagina, penis, anus, mouth, and throat |
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How can cervical cancer caused by HPV be detected? |
pap smear |
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Other cancers that come from HPV include: |
penile (rare)
anal
mouth
throat |
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How are women diagnosed with HPV? |
genital warts
abnormal pap smear
blood test |
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Is there a cure for HPV? |
no |
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Most people clear the HPV infection on their own in how long? |
2 years |
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How do you prevent HPV? |
avoid skin-to-skin contact with someone with HPV
Gardasil |
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What is Gardasil? |
a caving that protects against infection of certain types of HPV virus |
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What two viruses cause herpes? |
Herpes simplex 1 (HSV-1)
Herpes simplex 2 (HSV-2) |
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How is herpes transmitted? |
through skin to skin contact
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_________ are most prone to infection of herpes |
mucous membranes |
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Once infected with herpes, how long is the infection present? |
present for life |
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Can one be asymptomatic with herpes? |
yes |
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Symptoms of the first outbreak of herpes: |
flu-like symptoms and bumps or blisters
Even after sores disappear, virus remains in body
Prodrome |
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What can decrease the occurrence, severity, and duration of herpes outbreaks? |
antiviral drugs |
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How do you prevent the transmission of herpes? |
never touch an open sore
abstain from sex during particularly contagious times
use condom or dental dam in between outbreaks |
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Can Hepatitis B (HBV) be sexually transmitted through bodily fluids? |
yes |
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How is viral hepatitis or Hepatitis B (HBV) usually passed on to another person? |
sexual contact
sharing needles
childbirth
health care setting |
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In the case of acute hepatitis, what does the body do? |
body clears on its own (95%) |
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In the case of chronic hepatitis, what does the infection do? |
persists |
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What are the two forms of HIV? |
HIV-1: primary strain
HIV-2: mostly found in West Africa |
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How many people worldwide are living with HIV/AIDS? |
More than 33 million people |
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Since 1981, more than _________ AIDS deaths have occured |
25 million |
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Incidence of HIV/AIDS are increasing more rapidly in who? |
women
minorities
men who have sex with men |
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What is the number one cause of death in sub-Saharan Africa? |
AIDS |
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HIV/AIDS is most prevalent in what race and what gender? |
Black - Male |
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How is HIV/AIDS transmitted? |
sexual activity
contact with infected needles
pre-natal |
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In order of transmissibility for HIV/AIDS list from highest to lowest the 4 different ways it can be transmitted |
Blood
Semen
Vaginal fluid
Breast Milk |
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Look at graphs on slides 49-51 |
--- |
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How does HIV affect the immune system? |
attacks and destroys cells of immune system - Helper-T-Cells (CD4) |
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When looking at symptoms, what are the 4 stages of HIV/AIDS? |
Acute infection
Clinically asymptomatic stage
Symptomatic stage
AIDS |
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How long does the acute infection stage of HIV/AIDS last and what are the symptoms? |
lasts between 1-4 weeks
Flu-like symptoms, diarrhea, wight loss, and skin rash |
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How long does the clinically asymptomatic stage of HIV/AIDS last and what are the symptoms? |
2 weeks - 20 years
no apparent sign of disease |
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What happens during the Symptomatic stage of HIV/AIDS? |
Person's T-cells have fallen enough to produce symptoms, such as rash, fatigue, sore, dry cough |
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What is the AIDS stage of HIV/AIDS? |
Wide variation in progression from HIV to AIDS
Remains the 5th leading cause of death among Americans aged 25-44 |
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HIV becomes AIDS when: |
1) <200 lymphocytes/uL blood
2) T4 cell count is <14% of total T lymphocytes
*Normal = >800u/L or 55-65% of Total T |
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Diagnosis and treatment of HIV/AIDS |
Seroconversion
CART (combined antiretroviral therapy) |
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What are ways to reduce the risk of transmission with HIV/AIDS? |
limited sexual contacts
avoid contact with blood or body fluids that may contain virus
use condoms
use pre-exposure prophylaxis
get tested for HIV and other STIs
Do not share needles |
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What is now the fifth leading cause of death for U.S. women between the ages of 25-44? |
HIV/AIDS |
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What is the leading cause of death for African American women between the ages of 25 and 34? |
HIV/AIDS |
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How are parasitic infection transmitted and through what are they transmitted by? |
Transmitted by direct, prolonged skin-to-skin contact, or by sharing infected clothing/towels
Ectoparasites |
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Pubic lice or "crabs" live where? |
in pubic hair |
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Pubic lice can survive on what? |
sheets, towels, and clothing |
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Pubic lice cause what? |
intense itching |
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How do you get rid of pubic lice? |
Elimite or Kwell shampoo (prescription) |
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An infestation by mites that burrow into skin and deposits eggs, leaving an itch rash is called what? |
Scabies |
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How is scabies treated? |
with an insecticide cream |
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What are two examples of fungal infections? |
Candidiasis (yeast infection)
Jock itch (fungal infection of the groin) |
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What is an example of a protozoal infection? |
Trichomoniasis or "trich" |
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Trichomoniasis or "trich" is the most common ______ STI in the world |
Curable |
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Symptoms of trich include: |
redness
itching
abnormal discharge |
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How is trich treated? |
with one dose of oral metronidazole |
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How do you prevent contracting an STI? |
be educated about STIs
Be honest with your partner
Be safe -avoid high risk sexual behaviors -use condoms and dental dams consistently and correctly |
