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85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Fertilization or Conception |
The joining of the nucleus of the egg with the nucleus of the sperm |
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Zona pellucida |
Thick protective coating around the egg |
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Zygote |
A fertilized egg |
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Infertility |
Failure to conceive after a year of unprotected intercourse |
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Sterility |
The complete inability to conceive |
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Hysterosalpingogram |
A procedure in which dye is injected into a woman's uterus and fallopian tubes to locate any blockages or tumors |
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Fecundity |
The state of being fertile; the ability to produce offspring |
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Assisted reproductive technologies |
A group of therapies used to establish pregnancy |
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Artificial insemination |
Impregnating a woman with semen through methods other than intercourse |
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Sperm washing |
A procedure in which sperm cells are separated from semen, to facilitate the removal of dead or slow moving sperm, as well as prostaglandins, which might impair fertilization |
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In vitro fertilization (IVF) |
The joining of an egg and sperm outside of the body, to be implanted in the uterus |
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Clomid |
A fertility drug that stimulates FSH and LH secretion |
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Embryo |
A fertilized egg before it becomes a fetus, from conception to 8 weeks of pregnancy |
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Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) |
An in vitro fertilization procedure in which the egg and sperm are individually put into the fallopian tube, where they can join |
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Preeclampsia |
A complication of pregnancy characterized by hypertension, protein in the urine, and fluid retention, which, if untreated, can lead to organ failure, seizures, coma, and death |
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Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) |
An in vitro fertilization procedure in which a single sperm is injected directly into an egg for fertilization |
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Surrogate mother |
A woman who is artificially inseminated and carriers a baby to term for another woman or couple |
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Gestation |
The state of being pregnant |
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Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) |
A hormone produced early in pregnancy |
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Hegar's sign |
A softening of the cervix that can indicate pregnancy |
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Chadwick's sign |
A sign of pregnancy in which the cervix and vagina darken |
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Germinal stage |
The first 2 weeks of prenatal development |
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Conception |
The fertilization of an egg by a sperm |
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Cleavage |
The division of the fertilized egg |
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Morula |
A solid mass of 16 to 64 cells |
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Blastocyst |
A hollow, fluid-filled ball of cells |
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Implantation |
The process by which a fertilized egg implants in the lining of the uterus |
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Ectopic pregnancy |
When the fertilized egg implants outside of the uterus, usually in the fallopian tube |
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Multiple pregnancy |
When a woman is pregnant with more than one fetus |
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Dizygotic twins |
Twins that result from the fertilization of two separate eggs from two separate sperm |
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Monozygotic twins |
Genetically identical twins derived from a single fertilized egg |
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Conjoined twins |
Twins whose bodies are joined together 'in utero' |
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Placenta |
The organ that supplies the developing fetus with nutrients and oxygen |
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Umbilical cord |
The cord that connects the placenta to the fetus |
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Amniotic sac |
The fluid-containing sac that contains the fetus and the placenta during development |
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Amniotic fluid |
The fluid that nourishes and protects the developing fetus |
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Fetus |
The unborn offspring from the end of the 8th week after conception until it is born |
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Morning sickness |
Nausea, vomiting, and food aversions associated with pregnancy, perhaps related to high hCG levels |
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Vernix |
A white waxy substance that coats and protects the skin of the fetus |
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Quickening |
The initial movements of the fetus as felt by the pregnant woman |
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Braxton-Hicks contractions |
Uterine contractions that may help prepare for childbirth, but which don't dilate the cervix |
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Linea nigra |
The dark vertical line that runs down the belly button to the pubic area during pregnancy |
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Gestational diabetes |
A type of diabetes that can occur in pregnant women |
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Miscarriage |
A pregnancy that terminates on its own before the embryo or fetus can survive outside of the womb |
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Stillbirth |
The death of a fetus more than 20 weeks after conception but before birth |
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Teratogen |
An agent that can cause physical defects in the developing embryo or fetus |
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Rh factor |
An antigen found on the surface of the red blood cells of most people |
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Fetal alcohol syndrome |
A medical condition that causes developmental problems in an unborn child; it results from excessive alcohol consumption by the mother during pregnancy |
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Bilirubin |
A pigment in the bile that is a breakdown product of hemoglobin; excessive amounts in the blood produce a yellowish appearance of the skin |
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RhoGAM |
A drug that can prevent an Rh-negative mother's antibodies from reacting to the fetus's Rh-positive cells |
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Ultrasound |
A procedure in which sound waves are bounced off internal tissues in order to visualize the fetus |
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Hydrocephalus |
A condition in which cerebrospinal fluid builds up in the brain, enlarging the head and potentially causing brain damage |
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Amniocentesis |
A prenatal diagnostic procedure in which a small amount of amniotic fluid is withdrawn to detect genetic abnormalities of the fetus |
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Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) |
A prenatal test used to determine chromosomal disorders in the embryo or fetus |
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Chorion |
On of the membranes of the placenta |
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Alpha fetoprotein |
A protein normally produced by the fetus. High levels can indicate a developmental defect. |
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Spina bifida |
A congenital defect in which the spinal cord is exposed and imperfectly fused |
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Anencephaly |
A birth defect in which parts or most of the brain are small or missing |
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Lightening |
When the baby drops into the pelvic cavity in preparation for delivery |
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Dialation |
When the diameter of the cervix widens |
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Bloody show |
The discharge of blood and mucus early in labor |
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Breaking of the waters |
The breaking of the amniotic sac and release of amniotic fluid before childbirth |
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Early labor |
The first, longest, and least intense phase of labor |
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Effacement |
Softening and thinning of the cervix |
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Active Labor |
The middd stage of labor |
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Transitional labor |
The shortest and hardest stage of labor, during which the cervix dilates to its full 10 centimeters and the head of the fetus moves into the birth canal |
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Crowning |
The appearance of the baby's head at the vaginal opening |
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Breeching |
The birth position in which the baby's feet, buttocks, or knees are against the cervix |
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Transverse |
The birth position in which the baby's shoulders or arms are presented first |
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Episiotomy |
An incision made to the perineum during child birth |
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Midwife |
A professional trained to assist in normal labor and birth |
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Doula |
An experienced labor companion who provides physical and emotional support to laboring women |
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Epidural |
Injection of an anesthetic into the space of the spinal chord where spinal fluid circulates, resulting in decreased sensation from the waist down |
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Prepared childbirth |
The mother and her birth partner learn what occurs during labor and delivery, and practice breathing and relaxation techniques |
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Cesarean section (C-section) |
The delivery of a fetus by a surgical incision in the abdominal wall and uterus |
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Premature birth |
Also called preterm, a baby is this if it is born between 20 and 37 weeks. Babies born at less than 32 weeks of gestation are "very _____" |
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Surfactant |
A substance that prevents the collapse of the lungs |
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Infant death |
The death of a baby before his or her first birthday |
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Apgar score |
A method to quickly assess the health of a newborn |
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Baby blues |
A common, fairly mild, short-lived period of crying, moodiness, and irritability that many women experience shortly after child birth |
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Postpartum depression |
A form of clinical depression that can affect women after childbirth. Symptoms can be moderate or severe enough to require hospitalization |
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Postpartum psychosis |
A serious mental illness that affects new mothers. It can include severe anxiety, hallucinations, and delusions |
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Lactation |
The production and secretion of milk by the mammary glands |
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Colostrum |
The thin, yellowish secretion of the breast that is produced late in pregnancy and for a few days after birth, until the breast milk comes in |
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Lactation consultant |
A health care professional who provides support and information about breastfeeding to new mothers |
