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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pathogen
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a disease causing agent
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pandemic
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global epidemic of a disease
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virtulent
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strong enough to overcome host resistance and cause disease
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multifactorial disease
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disease caused by interactions of several factors
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autoinoculate
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transmit a pathogen from one part of you own body to another part
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antigen
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substance capable of triggering an immune response
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antibodies
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substances produced by the body that are individually matched to specific antigens
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vaccination
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inoculation with killed or weakened pathogens or similar, less dangerous antigens to prevent or lessen the effects of some disease
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allergy
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hypersensitive reaction to a specific antigen or allergen in the environment, in which the body produces excessive antibodies to that antigen or allergen
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histamine
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chemical substance that dilates blood vessels, increases mucous secretions, and produces other symptoms of allergies
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hay fever
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a chronic respiratory allergic disorder that is most prevalent when ragweed and flowers bloom
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bacteria (singular: bacterium)
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simple, single-celled microscopic organisms. about 100 known species of bacteria cause disease in humans
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staphylococcus
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a round bacterium, usually found in clusters
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toxic shock syndrome (TSS)
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A potentially life threatening bacterial infection that is most common in menstruating women who use tampons
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streptoccus
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a round bacterium, usually found in chain formation
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meningitis
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an infection of the meninges, the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord
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pneumonia
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disease of the lungs characterized by chronic cough, chest pain, chills, high fever, and fluid accumulation; may be caused by bacteria, viruses, chemicals, or other substances
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tuberculousis (TB)
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a disease caused by bacterial infiltration of the respiratory system
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peptic ulcer
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damage to the stomach or intestinal lining, usually caused by digestive juices; most ulcers result from infection by the bacterium helicobacter pylori
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viruses
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minute microbes consisting of DNA or RNA that live inside another cell and use the cell's resources to reproduce themselves
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incubation period
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the time between exposure to a disease and the apperance of symptoms
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endemic
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describing a disease that is always present to some depress
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influenza
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a common viral disease of the respiratory tract
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mononucleosis
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a viral disease causes pervasive fatigue and other long lasting symptoms
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hepatitis
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a viral disease in which the liver becomes inflamed, producing symptoms such as fever, headache, and possible jaundice
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measles
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a viral disease that produces symptoms including an itchy rach and a high fever
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rubella (german measles)
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a milder form of measles that causes a rash and mild fever in children and may cause damage to a fetus or a newborn baby
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fungi
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a group of multicellular and unicellular organisms that obtain their food by infiltrating the bodies of other organisms, both living and dead; several microscopic varieties are pathogenic
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protozoa
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microscopic single celled organisms that can be pathogenic
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parasitic worms
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the largest of the pathogens, most of which are more a nuisance than a threat
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prion
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a recently identified self replicating, protein based pathogen
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sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
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infectious diseases transmitted through some form of intimate, usually sexual contact
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chlamydia
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bacterially caused STI of the urogenital tract
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gonorrhea
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second most common STI in the united states; if untreated, may cause sterility
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pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
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term used to describe various infections of the female reproductive tract
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syphilis
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one of the most widespread STIs; characterized by distinct phases and potentially serious results
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genital herpes
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STI caused by the herpes simplex virus
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genital warts
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warts that appear in the genital area or the anus; caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV)
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human papillomavirus (HPV)
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a group of viruses that cause genital warts
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candidiasis
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yeastlike fungal disease often transmitted sexually. also known as moniliasis
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trichomoniasis
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protozoan STI characterized by foamy, yellowish discharge and unpleasant odor
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pubic lice
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parasitic insects that can inhabit various body areas, especially the genitals
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acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
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extremely virtulent sexually transmitted disease that renders the immune system inoperative
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human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
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the slow acting virus that causes AIDS
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chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPDs)
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a collection of chronic lung diseases including asthma, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis
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bronchitis
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inflmmation of the lining of the bronchial tubes
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emphysema
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a respiratory disease in which the alveoli become distended or ruptured and are no longer functional
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alveoli
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tiny air sacs of the lungs where gas exchange occurs (oxygen enters the body and carbon dioxide is removed)
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asthma
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a chronic respiratory disease characterized by attacks of weezing, shortness of breath, and coughing spasms
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sleep apnea
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disorder in which a person has numerous episodes of breathing stoppage during a night's sleep
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migrain
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a condition characterized by localized headaches that possibly result from alternating dilation and constriction of blood vessels
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epilepsy
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a neurological disorder caused by abnormal electrical brain activity; can be accompanied by altered consciousness or convulsions
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parkinson's disease
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a chronic, progressive neurological condition that causes tremors and other symptoms
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multiple sclerosis (MS)
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a degenerative neurological disease in whic myelin, an insulator of nerves, breaks down
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lactose intolerance
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inability to produce lactase, an enzyme needed to convert milk sugar into glucose
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ulcerative colitis
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an inflammatory disorder that affects the mucous membranes of the large intestine, producing bloody diarrhea
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irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
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nausea, pain, gas, or diarrhea caused by certain foods or stress
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arthritis
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painful inflammatory disease of the joints
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osteoarthritis (OA)
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progressive deterioration of bones and joiints that has been associated with the wear and tear theory of aging
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rheumatoid arthritis
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an autoimmune inflammatory joint disease
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fibromyalgia
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a chronic rheumatoid like disorder that can be highly painful and difficult to diagnose
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systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, lupus)
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a disease in which the immune system attacks the body, producing antibodies that destroy or injure organs such as the kidneys, brain, and heart
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chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)
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a condition of unknown cause characterized by extreme fatigue that is not caused by other illness
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repetitive stress injury (RSI)
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an injury to nerves, soft tissue, or joints due to the physical stress of repeated motions
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carpal tunnel syndrome
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a common occupational injury in which the median nerve in the wrist becomes irritated, causing numbness, tingling, and pain in the fingers and hands
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6 factors for passing of infectious diseases
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1) causative agent
2) reservoir (place) 3) means of escape (pathogen needs way to leave 4) "transmission" (needs way of coming in direct contact with another host) 5) "entry" 6) susceptible host |
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Pathogens
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-virus
-bacteria -fungus -protozoa -parasitic worms -prions |
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stages
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-incubation period
-prodromal period -clinical period -convalescence period -recovery period |
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Risk factors we can control
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-personal hygene
-sleeping enough -not smoking or drinking -exercise |
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Defense against infectious disease
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-skin (keeps pathogens from entering)
-saliva/ear wax/ oils in our skin (chemicals that protect us) -respitory tract (celia in our nose traps pathogens) -body produces anti-bodies to kill off different toxigens -interferon (protects us against viral disease) -fevers (makes it difficult for pathogen to survive) |
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6 factors for passing of infectious diseases
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1) causative agent
2) reservoir (place) 3) means of escape (pathogen needs way to leave 4) "transmission" (needs way of coming in direct contact with another host) 5) "entry" 6) susceptible host |
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Pathogens
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-virus
-bacteria -fungus -protozoa -parasitic worms -prions |
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stages
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-incubation period
-prodromal period -clinical period -convalescence period -recovery period |
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Risk factors we can control
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-personal hygene
-sleeping enough -not smoking or drinking -exercise |
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Defense against infectious disease
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-skin (keeps pathogens from entering)
-saliva/ear wax/ oils in our skin (chemicals that protect us) -respitory tract (celia in our nose traps pathogens) -body produces anti-bodies to kill off different toxigens -interferon (protects us against viral disease) -fevers (makes it difficult for pathogen to survive) |
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non infectious diseases
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-chronic lung disease (allergies)
-neurological disorders (headaches, seizures) -digestion related disorders -gender related disorders (PMS) -musculoskeletal disease (lupas) -other (chronic fatigue system) |
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signs of STIs
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-itching, bleeding, discharge from vagina
-yeast infections -discharge from penis -sore throats from oral sex -pain in anus from anal sex -painless sore in genital areas -rash -dark urine, yellow eyes and skin, light colored stools |
