Heat And Cold Application

Front 1

5 Heat Application Effects

Back 1

Vasodilation

Decrease in Blood Viscosity

Decrease in Blood Spasm

Increase in Tissue Metabolism

Increase in Capillary Permeability

Front 2

Vasodilation

Back 2

Accelerates the transport of nutrients and the removal of the residuum by increasing blood flow to the injured area of the body. It reduces the accumulation of venous blood in the region.

Front 3

Decrease in Blood Viscosity

Back 3

Accelerates the transport of leucocyte and antibody to the injured area.

Front 4

Decrease in Blood Spasm

Back 4

Reduces the pain caused by muscle relaxation, muscle spasm, or stiffness.

Front 5

Increase in Tissue Metabolism

Back 5

Blood flow increases due to the increased local temperature.

Front 6

Increase in Capillary Permeability

Back 6

Transition of nutrients and residuum increases.

Front 7

5 Cold Application Effects

Back 7

Vasoconstriction

Local Anesthesia

Slowdown in Cell Metabolism

Increase of Blood Viscosity

Decrease the Blood Spasm

Front 8

Vasoconstriction

Back 8

Blood flow to the injured area decreases, edema formation is prevented, inflammation reduces.

Front 9

Local Anesthesia

Back 9

Reduces the localized pain.

Front 10

Slowdown in Cell Metabolism

Back 10

Decreases the oxygen requirement of the tissue.

Front 11

Increase of Blood Viscosity

Back 11

Increases blood coagulation in injured area.

Front 12

Decrease the Blood Spasm

Back 12

Reduce the pain.

Front 13

8 Physiologic Effects of Heat Application

Back 13

Peripheral Vasodilation

Increased capillary permeability

Increased oxygen consumption

Increased local metabolism

Decreased blood viscosity

Decreased muscle tone

Increase blood flow

Increase lymph flow

Front 14

8 Physiologic Effects of Cold Application

Back 14

Peripheral Vasoconstriction

Decreased capillary permeability

Decreased oxygen consumption

Decreased local metabolism

Increased blood viscosity

Increased muscle tone

Decreased blood flow

Decreased lymph flow

Front 15

Heat Application

Back 15

- Opens up blood vessels, which increases blood flow and supplies oxygen and nutrients to reduce pain in joints, and relax sore muscle, ligaments, and tendons.

- The warmth also decreases muscle spasms and can increase range of motion.

- Applying superficial heat to your body can improve the flexibility of tendons and ligaments, reduce muscle spasms, and alleviate pain.

Front 16

Heat Application serves to:

Back 16

Relieve local pain, stiffness, or aching, particularly of muscle and joints

Assist in wound healing

Reduce inflammation and infection

Make chilly client more comfortable

Raise body temperature (in cases of hypothermia) to help maintain body temperature

Promote drainage (draw infected material out of wounds)

Front 17

A warm, shallow bath that cleanses the perineum

Back 17

Warm Sitz Bath

Front 18

The space between the rectum and the vulva or scrotum

Back 18

Perineum

Front 19

Indications of Warm Sitz Bath

Back 19

Recently had surgery on the vulva or vagina

Recently given birth

Recently had hemorrhoids surgically removed

Have discomfort from hemorrhoids

Have discomfort with bowel movements

Front 20

4 Contradictions of Warm Sitz Bath

Back 20

Pregnancy

Menstruation

Renal inflammation

Increased irritability of the genital organ

Front 21

A bath that is just washing up with a wash cloth

Back 21

Tepid Sponge Bath

Front 22

Indications of Tepid Sponge Bath

Back 22

Treatment for reducing the elevated temperature

Bath as a regular, cleansing act

Front 23

Contradictions of Tepid Sponge Bath

Back 23

The first 24 hours after traumatic injury

Active hemorrhage

Non-inflammatory edema

Skin disorder

Localized malignant tumor

Very young and very old client

Front 24

Complications of Heat:

Back 24

Pain

Burns

Redness of the skin

Edema

Pallor (secondary effect)

Hyperthermia

Front 25

Cold Application

Back 25

- slows down blood flow to an injury, thereby reducing pain and swelling

- cold therapy slows circulation, reducing inflammation, muscle spasm, and pain. It should be used if the area is swollen or bruised

Front 26

Cold Application serves to:

Back 26

Lower the temperature of the skin and underlying tissue

Vasoconstricts

Decrease capillary permeability

Slow bacterial growth

Decrease inflammation

Local anesthetic effect

Front 27

Contradictions to the use of Cold:

Back 27

Open wound

Impaired circulation

Allergy and hypersensitive to cold application

Some people react by decrease BP

Inflammatory response

Raynaud's Phenomenon

Front 28

Complications of Cold:

Back 28

Pain

Blisters and skin breakdown

Gray or bluish discoloration

Thrombus formation

Redness (secondary effect)

Hypothermia

Front 29

Factors affecting physiological tolerance to heat and Cold:

Back 29

Part of the body where the application is done

The size of the body area where the application is done

Individual tolerance

The duration of administration

The integrity of the skin

Front 30

Part of the body where the application is done

Back 30

Back of the hands and feet are not very sensitive to temperature changes, the inner face of the forearm and wrist, neck, and perineum are sensitive to temperature changes

Front 31

The size of the body area where the application is done

Back 31

When the areas exposed to heat or cold application tolerance grows, tolerance decreases when areas exposed to heat or cold tolerance get smaller, tolerance increases

Front 32

Individual Tolerance

Back 32

Tolerance in infants and elderlies are generally very low tolerance to cold or heat is higher in individuals with sensory and nervous disorders. However, warm or cold damage risks to these people are too much

Front 33

The duration of administration

Back 33

Individual feels heat or cold severely until skin temperature changes, however, later, tolerance increases

Front 34

The integrity of the skin

Back 34

Impaired skin integrity is more sensitive to temperature changes

Front 35

Situations enhancing the injury risk in heat and cold application

Back 35

Age

Disruption of skin integrity, open wound, stoma

Edema or scar regions

Peripheral vascular disease

Confusion, Loss of consciousness

Spinal cord injury

Front 36

Age

Back 36

Having a thin skin layer in children, decreasing the sensitivity to pain in the elderly increases the risk of burns

Front 37

Disruption of skin integrity, open wound, stoma

Back 37

Subcutaneous and deep tissues are more sensitive to temperature changes because they do not contain heat receptors and their receptors are few

Front 38

Edema or Scar Regions

Back 38

Intracellular accumulation of fluid or thickening caused by scar tissue reduces the sensitivity to heat

Front 39

Peripheral vascular disease

Back 39

Sensitivity to temperature and pain in the extremities decrease due to the circulatory disorder and local tissue damage. Cold Application go further reduces the blood flow.

Front 40

Confusion, Loss of Consciousness

Back 40

Sensory stimuli or the perception of pain decrease.

Front 41

Spinal cord injury

Back 41

Sensory stimuli and the perception of pain is prevented due to the changes in the nerves transmit pathway