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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does the first heart sound correspond to in the cardiac cycle?
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The onset of ventricular systole
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What does the 2nd heart sound correspond to?
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Onset of ventricular diastole
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What makes the noise of the first heart sound?
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Closing of the MV and TV
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What makes the noise of the 2nd heart sound?
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Closing of the aortic and pulmonic valve.
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Where is the first heart sound heard the loudest?
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At the apex
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Where is the 2nd heart sound heard the loudest?
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At the 2nd intercostal space
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Are the 1st and 2nd heart sounds high or low freq?
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High
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What are S1 and S2 best heard with?
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The diaphragm
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Which heart sound normally splits on inspiration?
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S2
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What is the reason for normal physiologic splitting of S2 on inspiration?
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Increased intrathoracic pressure resulting in increased VR and RV ejection period
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When S2 is split, what is the order of valves closing?
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1. Aortic
2. Pulmonic |
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What causes S4?
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Atrial contraction
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When is S4 heard?
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Before S1, in late diastole
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Is S4 high or low frequency?
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Low
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What is S4 heard best with?
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The bell
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In what position is S4 heard best?
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Left lateral decubitus
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What are causes of an audible S4?
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-Young adults/athletes (normal)
-Hypertension -Ischemic heart disease |
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When is S3 heard?
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After S2, early in diastole
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What is an audible S3 indicative of?
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Congestive heart failure
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What are 3 types of murmurs that can be heard?
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-Systolic
-Diastolic -Continuous |
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What 5 things should be noted about murmurs?
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SLIRP
-Shape -Location -Intensity -Radiation -Pitch |
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How is Intensity rated?
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On a scale of 1-6/6
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What is a 1/6?
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Only audible by a cardiologist
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What is a 2-3/6?
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Louder
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What is a 4/6?
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A thrill is detectable
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What is a 5/6?
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The murmur can be heard with the stethoscope just sitting on the chest wall.
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What is a 6/6?
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The murmur can be heard with the steth off the chest wall.
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What is a holosystolic murmur associated with?
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-Mitral insuffiency
-Tricuspid insufficiency -VSD |
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What is an ejection murmur associated with?
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Aortic stenosis
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What is an early diastolic murmur associated with?
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Aortic insufficiency
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What is a continuous murmur associated with?
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PDA
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Where is the PMI best palpable?
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In the left 5th IC space
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