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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The Cardiac Cycle
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What is this Picture
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When does the first heart sound occur?
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Occurs in early Systole
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Which pressure exceeds the other during the first heart sound?
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Ventricular pressure exceeds atrial pressure
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Which valves close during the first heart sound?
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Mitral & Tricuspid Valves close during S1.
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What causes the first heart sound (S1)?
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The rapid bulging of the valve leaflets after they close produces the noise.
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Where is the first heart sound loudest?
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It is loudest at the apex.
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Where is the first heart sound diminished?
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It is diminished at the base
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Describe the normal first heart sound?
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"LUB"
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When does the second heart occur?
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Early in Diastole
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What happens to ventricular pressure during the second heart sound (S2)?
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Ventricular Pressure falls below Aortic & Pulmonary Artery Pressures.
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What causes the second heart sound (S2)?
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Aortic & Pulmonic Valves Shut, & Rapidly bulge, producing the S2.
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Where is the Second Heart Sound Loudest?
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It is Loudest at the base.
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Where is the second heart sound diminished?
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It is diminished at the Apex.
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Describe the sound of the Second Heart Sound (S2)?
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It's the "DUB"
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What happens to pulmonary pressures during inspiration?
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Pulmonary Pressures drop.
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What causes the Pulmonic Valve to stay open longer?
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The pressure dropping in the lungs.
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What does splitting that goes away with expiration indicate?
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A normal condition.
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What does fixed splitting indicate?
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Fixed splitting indicates disease
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Why does splitting of S2 occur?
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The second heart sound is really two valve sounds together A2 + P2.
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What age group can the third heart sound be normal?
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people < 30 yrs & (athletes?)
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What produces the third heart sound?
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Chordae Tendineae during rapid filling
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What is the third heart sound described as?
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Ventricular Gallop
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When does the Third Heart Sound occur?
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immediately after S2.
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Where & what position is the third heart sound heard best(S3)?
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Best heard at apex, with patient on their left side.
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Which part of of the stethoscope should be used to ausculate the third heart sound?
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Bell of Stethoscope with light pressure (low pitch)
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What part of Ken-tuck-EE is the third heart sound?
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EE.
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This heart sound is rarely normal except in highly conditioned athletes.
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The fourth heart sound (S4)
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The contact of the atria against a stiff ventricle is called?
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Atrial Gallop (S4)
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When does the fourth heart sound occur?
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Immediately before S1.
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Where & in which position is the fourth heart sound best heard?
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It is best heard at the apex, with the patient on their left side.
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Which part of the stethoscope should be used to auscultate the fourth heart sound?
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Bell with light pressure.
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What part of TENN-e-ssee is the fourth heart sound?
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TENN
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What causes the sound of Heart Murmers?
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Turbulent blood flow through a vascular structure.
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How long can murmurs last?
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longer than the four heart sounds.
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When can murmurs occur?
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During systole or diastole.
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What are the characteristics of patients with innocent heart murmers
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Young and/or
Pregnant |
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What are the characteristics of innocent heart murmurs?
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Tends to be early systolic
Rarely Holosystolic. |
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When does a systolic murmur occur?
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Between S1 & S2
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When does a diastolic murmur occur?
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between S2 & S1
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What "shapes" are used to describe heart murmurs?
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-crescendo
-decrescendo -crescendo-decrescendo -plateau |
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Grade 1 murmur
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Barely Audible
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Grade 2 murmur
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Little Louder
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Grade 3 murmur
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Clear audible - No Thrill
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Grade 4 Murmur
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Thrill Palpable
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Grade 5 Murmur
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Audible with Stethoscope partly off the Chest & Thrill
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Grade 6 Murmur
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Audible without Stethoscope
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What are the pitches of heart murmurs?
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-High
-Medium -Low |
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Heart Murmur Qualities?
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-Blowing
-Harsh -Musical -Rumble |
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What are the systolic murmurs?
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-Aortic & Pulmonic Stenosis
-Mitral & Tricuspid Regurgitation |
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What are the Diastolic Murmurs?
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-Mitral & Tricuspid Stenosis
-Aortic & Pulmonic Regurgitation |
