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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What do the following aa. supply and what do the acronyms stand for.
LAD, RCA, PD, LCA, CFX |
Lt ant. descending - ant. interventricular septum
Rt coronary a. - SA and AV node Post. descending - inf. lt vent LCA = lt coronary a. CFX = circumflex a. |
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define CHF
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Heart can't supply enough blood to meet demand
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Most common type of CHF failure?
High or low output |
low output - heart broken most common
high output inc. tiss demand - less common |
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most common cause of rt side CHF
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lt side CHF
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most common causes of lt sided failure in CHF (5)
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systemic HTN, mitral vlv dz, aortic vlv dz, IHD, Primary myocardial dz
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Causes of rt sided failure in CHF?
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lt side failure, pulm HTN, lung dz, Cor Pulmonale, semilunar vlv dz, congenital (caused by l-r shunts)
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CHF compensation mechanisms?
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neurohormonal stimulation-inc. catechols, + iono, + chrono
Hypertrophy - concentric with inc pressure, eccentric with inc volume |
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What is the risk of compensation in CHF?
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inc work load, inc need for O2, vulnerable to IHD
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define compensated and decompensated HF
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comp - failing but co still OK
decomp - comp mechanisms have failed and co begins to dec |
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CHF is the major cause of death in pts with what problem
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untreated HTN
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How does CHF cause end organ failure
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blood backs up in the venous system causing less flow through the organs -> hypoxia
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What happens in kidneys with CHF
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Dec perfusion -> to inc aldosterone -> inc blood volume -> inc pulm edema and inc congestion
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What is the most common symptom of lt vent failure (LVF), and name the 3 types of this symptom
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dyspnea, - exertional, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
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Clinical features of CHF
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Dyspnea (most common)
mm fatigue tachycardia (> 100) enlarged ht distended jugular vv. wt gain dependent edema pleural and pericardial effusion S3 with rales at base |
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name 2 substances that excreted during CHF, and what do they do?
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ANF and BNF
atrial natriutic factor brain natriutic protein reduce hemodynamic overload |
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What do ANFs do
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down regulate aldosterone
dec symp sigds to ht and kid inc renal perfusion inc Na excretion |
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limitations of using ANF levels clinically?
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wide range in normal ppl
pts with CHF can have normal levels |
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What is the most appropriate use of ANF?
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to distinguish b/w CHF and emphasema in ED pt with SOB
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