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7 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Heart Failure
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Heart Failure = decreased cardiac output
•An abnormal condition involving impaired cardiac pumping •Heart is unable to produce an adequate cardiac output (CO) to meet metabolic needs |
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Heart failure risk factors
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Primary: CAD, age
Secondary: high cholesterol, diabetes, HTN, tobacco, eithnicity, obesity |
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Mixed Heart failure
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Mixed HF
Systolic = inability to eject blood (fine preload, decresed EJ) Diastolic = inability to fill (decreased preload, fine ejection fraction) |
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Biventricular HF
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Left Sided = backs up in heart and then backwards flow into pulmonary circulation
•Symptoms related to FORWARD Flow: •Fatigue, weakness, DOE, Syncope, Angina & Tachycardia, skin changes, behavioral changes •Symptoms related to BACKWARDS Flow: •SOB, Orthopnea, Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea, Cough, + pink frothy sputum, Nocturia •Physical Assessment: S3 or S4, crackles, displaced PMI •Right Sided Heart Failure Right sided = #1 cause is Left sided HF; backup is systemic |
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Complications of HF
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•Acute decompensated heart failure
•Pleural effusions •Dysrhythmias •Cirrhosis •Renal Failure |
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Ventricular remodeling
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Increased myocardial oxygen consumption
Impaired diastolic function Impaired cardiac output |
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Acute Decompensated HF
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aka "Really bad HF"
•Pulmonary edema, often life-threatening –Increase in the respiratory rate –Decrease in PaO2 –Respiratory acidosis •Physical findings •Orthopnea •Dyspnea, tachypnea •Use of accessory muscles •Cyanosis •Cool and clammy skin •Cough with frothy, blood-tinged sputum •Breath sounds: Crackles, wheezes, rhonchi •Tachycardia •Hypotension or hypertension |
