Heart Failure

Front 1

Heart Failure

Back 1

the heart muscle is unable to pump adequately to supply enough blood to meet the body's metabolic needs

Front 2

lifestyle modifications for HF

Back 2

dietary [restriction of NA, DASH diet], limitation of alcohol, regular physical activity, avoidance of tobacco use, stress management

Front 3

LEFT HF

Back 3

left vent fails, pressure backs up into pulmonary circulations
MOST COMMON

Front 4

LF HF S/S

Back 4

LUNGS!! pulomary edema, wheezing, hemoptysis, orthopnea, restlessness, confusion, tachycardia

Front 5

RIGHT HF

Back 5

right vent fails, pressure backs up into systemic circulation

Front 6

RT HF S/S

Back 6

edema [lower extremities], JVD, enlarged liver, abdominal pain and bloating, coolness of extremities, anorexia

Front 7

preload

Back 7

the volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole [determines amount of stress put on vents just before contraction]

Front 8

afterload

Back 8

resistance against which the LV has to pump

Front 9

HF tx: main goal

Back 9

decrease workload of the heart.

Front 10

decrease intravascular volume

Back 10

[decrease preload]
loop diuretics [lasix, bumex], low salt diet, daily weight [to monitor]

Front 11

decrease venous return

Back 11

[preload]
dangling feet, nitroglycerine

Front 12

decrease afterload

Back 12

ACE inhibitors [catropril], nitroprusside, morphine,natrecor

Front 13

improve gas exchange

Back 13

O2 and ventilatory support, morphine

Front 14

improve cardiac function

Back 14

Inotropics [digoxin, dopamine]

Front 15

reduce anxiety

Back 15

benzodiazapenes, morphine, reassurance

Front 16

pulmonary edema

Back 16

capillary pressures within the lungs become so elevated that fluid is pushed out of circulating blood into intersitium

Front 17

pulmonary edema S/S

Back 17

wheezing, crackles, nasal flaring, dyspnea, tachypnea, tachycardia, hemoptysis, pallor, cold skin

Front 18

venous peripheral vascular disease

Back 18

inflammatory response resulting in clot formation

Front 19

Venous PVD S/S

Back 19

lower leg edema [one side], bronze-brown pigmentation, varicose veins, skin= thick, hardened, calloused, dull ache

Front 20

Arterial PVD S/S

Back 20

intermittent claudication, paresthesia, peripheral neuropathy, pallor, rest pain, diminished pulses, skin= shiny, thin, loss of hair, toenails= thickened and cornified

Front 21

thiazide diuretic with HF

Back 21

promote excretion of sodium and water and help treat edema, decreased venous pressure

Front 22

Buerger's Disease

Back 22

a type of arteritis in which an inflammatory process damages the arterial wall-- thrombosis occur in vessel-- blood does not get to the extremities

Front 23

teach to buerger's disease

Back 23

STOP SMOKING

Front 24

intermittent claudication

Back 24

caused by not enough perfusion, cramping with ambulation [pain ceases when you sit down]

Front 25

risk factors for intermittent claudication

Back 25

PAD, smoking, overweight, diabetes, hyperlipidemia

Front 26

6 Ps

Back 26

pulselssness, pallor, pain, parisesia [tingling], paralyisis, poikiolthermia [cold]

Front 27

vasodilators

Back 27

increase venous capacity, improving ejection function through improved ventricular contraction

Front 28

high sodium content

Back 28

canned foods, meats [especially packages], soup, nuts, dairy, cereal

Front 29

low sodium content

Back 29

bread, pasta, fruits

Front 30

chronic arterial occulsive disease

Back 30

leads to progessive inadquate oxygenation of tissues-- ischemic pain is produced and is caused by end products of anaerobc cellular metabolism