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98 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
candesartan (Atacand)
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peptide: AT1 (angiotensin receptor 1) antagonist
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irbesartan (Avapro)
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peptide: AT1 (angiotensin receptor 1) antagonist
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losartan (Cozaar)
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peptide: AT1 (angiotensin receptor 1) antagonist
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valsartan (Diovan)
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peptide: AT1 (angiotensin receptor 1) antagonist
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captopril (Capoten)
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ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) inhibitor
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enalapril (Vasotec)
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ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) inhibitor
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lisinopril (Prinivil)
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ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) inhibitor
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cholestyramine (Questran)
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bile acid sequestrant, preventing reabsorption of cholesterol. Increase uptake of LDL from blood via upregulation of LDL receptors. Liver makes more VLDL, triglycerides actually up by 15-20% (bad? goal to lower cholesterol). [Large polymeric cationic exchange resins] Bad: dyspepsia, constipation, decreased absorption of other drugs
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colestipol (Colestid)
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bile acid sequestrant, preventing reabsorption of cholesterol. Increase uptake of LDL from blood via upregulation of LDL receptors. Liver makes more VLDL, triglycerides actually up by 15-20% (bad? goal to lower cholesterol). [Large polymeric cationic exchange resins] Bad: dyspepsia, constipation,
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atorvastatin (Lipitor)
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HMG CoA reductase inhibitor. Decrease cholesterol synthesis, upregulate LDL receptors, decreasing LDL. Bad: Rhabdomyolysis. mild hepatotoxicity. (first pass metabolism)
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fluvastatin (Lescol)
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HMG CoA reductase inhibitor. Decrease cholesterol synthesis, upregulate LDL receptors, decreasing LDL. Bad: Rhabdomyolysis. mild hepatotoxicity. (first pass metabolism)
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lovastatin (Mevacor)
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HMG CoA reductase inhibitor. Decrease cholesterol synthesis, upregulate LDL receptors, decreasing LDL. Bad: Rhabdomyolysis. mild hepatotoxicity. (first pass metabolism)
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simvastatin (Zocor)
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HMG CoA reductase inhibitor. Decrease cholesterol synthesis, upregulate LDL receptors, decreasing LDL. Bad: Rhabdomyolysis. mild hepatotoxicity. (first pass metabolism)
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pravastatin (Pravachol)
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HMG CoA reductase inhibitor. Decrease cholesterol synthesis, upregulate LDL receptors, decreasing LDL. Bad: Rhabdomyolysis. mild hepatotoxicity. (first pass metabolism)
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clofibrate (Atromid-S)
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fibric acid, increasee the activity of lipoprotein lipase. Clears chylomicrons and VLDL quickly, lowering triglycerides (VLDL) and raising HDL cholesterol.
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gemfibrozil (Lopid)
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fibric acid, increasee the activity of lipoprotein lipase. Clears chylomicrons and VLDL quickly, lowering triglycerides (VLDL) and raising HDL cholesterol.
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ezetimibe (Zetia)
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impairs intestinal absorption of cholesterol. But works after being absorbed, glucuronidated, and excreted back into the colon with bile. Very specific for cholesterol receptor, no drug/drug interactions(decreased absorption of other drugs like with bile sequesterants)
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nicotinic acid (niacin)
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inhibits VLDL secretion, ultimately decreasing production of LDL. More of an effect on triglycerides than cholesterol. Bad:L decreases circulating fibrinogen, PG mediated cutaneous vasodilation, glucose intolerance, hyperuricemia, worsens peptic ulcer disease
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probucol (Lorelco)
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increases LDL catabolism, binds LDL, blocks LDL oxidation. Modest cholesterol reduction. Bad: prolongs QT interval of electrocardiogram (ventricular arrythmias) and lowers HDL
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liver additive toxicities
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niacin, HMG CoA reductase
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additive myositis/rhabdomyolysis
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fibric acids with HMG CoA reductase(HMG CoA reductase causes rhabdomyolysis because inhibiting the enzyme inhibits production of ubiquinone, which is really important in skeletal mm.)
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acebutolol (Sectral)
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beta antagonist (selective)
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atenolol (Tenormin)
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beta antagonist (selective)
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esmolol (Brevibloc)
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beta antagonist (selective)
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metoprolol (Lopressor)
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beta antagonist (selective)
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nadolol (Corgard)
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beta antagonist (non-selective)
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pindolol (Visken)
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beta antagonist (non-selective)
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propranolol (Inderal)
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beta antagonist (non-selective)
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timolol (Betimol)
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beta antagonist (non-selective)
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tadalafil (Cialis)
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PDE5 inhibitor
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sildenafil (Viagra)
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PDE5 inhibitor
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vardenafil (Levitra)
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PDE5 inhibitor
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verapamil (Covera)
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Calcium channel blocker, cardioselective
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diltiazem (Cardizem)
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Calcium channel blocker, cardioselective
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amlodipine (Norvasc)
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Calcium channel blocker, vasoselective (dihydropyridine)
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felodipine (Plendil)
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Calcium channel blocker, vasoselective (dihydropyridine)
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nicardipine (Cardene)
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Calcium channel blocker, vasoselective (dihydropyridine)
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nifedipine (Procardia)
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Calcium channel blocker, vasoselective (dihydropyridine)
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nimodipine (Nimotop)
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Calcium channel blocker, vasoselective (dihydropyridine)
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isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil)
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nitrovasodilator
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nitroglycerin (GTN, Nitrostat)
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nitrovasodilator
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nitroprusside sodium (SNP)
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nitrovasodilator
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aspirin
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prevent platelet activation and aggregation
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prasugrel (Effient)
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metabolized in liver to active drug. Noncmopetitive, irreversible ADP antagonist of purinergic type2 receptors (blocks ADP activation of glycoprotein GPIIb/IIIa. Prevents platelet aggregation. Use: w/ aspirin in acute coronary syndrome (stents), MI, and stroke. 10x higher level of active metabolite than clopidogrel
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clopidogrel (Plavix)
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metabolized in liver to active drug. Noncmopetitive, irreversible ADP antagonist of purinergic type2 receptors (blocks ADP activation of glycoprotein GPIIb/IIIa. Prevents platelet aggregation. Use: w/ aspirin in acute coronary syndrome (stents), MI, and stroke. bad: neutropenia. 2 step activation, less active metabolite, takes longer.
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ranolazine (Ranexa)
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piperazine derivative, partial fatty-acid oxidation inhibitor. Mechanism not clear; inhibits late sodium current to reduce intracellular concentration and calcium overload in ischemic myocytes. Shifts ATP production from fatty acid oxidation to glycolysis (anaerobic). can add to other drugs safely. minimal BP and HR effects, improved exercise tolerance. for pts w. chronic angina who are refractory to traditional antianginals (prolongs QT interval)
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doxazosin (Cardura)
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alpha receptor antagonist
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prazosin (Minipress)
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alpha receptor antagonist
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terazosin (Hytrin)
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alpha receptor antagonist
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carvedilol (Coreg)
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mixed alpha/beta antagonist
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labetalol (Trandate)
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mixed alpha/beta antagonist
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guanethidine (Ismelin)
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peripheral transmission inhibitor of sympathetics
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reserpine
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peripheral transmission inhibitor of sympathetics (blocks packaging into storage vesicles)
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α-methyldopa (Aldomet)
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central-mediated sympatholytic
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clonidine (Catapres)
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central-mediated sympatholytic
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guanabenz (Wytensin)
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central-mediated sympatholytic
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fosinopril (Monopril)
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ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) inhibitor
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diazoxide
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vasodilator
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epoprostenol (Flolan)
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vasodilator
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hydralazine (Apresoline)
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vasodilator
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minoxidil (Rogaine)
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vasodilator
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chlorothiazide (Diuril)
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thiazide diuretic
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chlorthalidone (Thalitone)
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thiazide diuretic
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hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDiuril)
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thiazide diuretic
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bumetanide (Bumex)
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loop diuretic
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ethacrynic acid (Edecrin)
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loop diuretic
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furosemide (Lasix)
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loop diuretic
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amiloride (Midamor)
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potassium sparing diuretic
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eplerenone (Inspra)
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potassium sparing diuretic, aldosterone antagonist
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spironolactone (Aldactone)
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potassium sparing diuretic, aldosterone antagonist
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triamterene (Dyrenium)
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potassium sparing diuretic
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sumatriptan (Imitrex)
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serotonin agonist
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zolmitriptan (Zomig)
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serotonin agonist
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cyproheptadine (Periactin)
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serotonin antagonist
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ketanserin
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serotonin antagonist
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ergonovine
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serotonin partial agonist (ergot alkaloid)
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ergotamine
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serotonin partial agonist (ergot alkaloid)
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methysergide (Sansert)
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serotonin partial agonist (ergot alkaloid)
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quinapril (Accupril)
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ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) inhibitor
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metolazone (Zaroxolyn)
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thiazide like diuretic
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torsemide (Demadex)
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loop diuretic
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bisoprolol (Zebeta)
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beta receptor antagonist
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digoxin (Lanoxin)
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cardiac glycoside
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digitoxin
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cardiac glycoside
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dobutamine
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beta agonist
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dopamine
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beta agonist
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inamrinone
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PDE inhibitor, amrinone
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milrinone (Primacor)
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PDE inhibitor
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disopyramide (Norpace)
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sodium channel blocker
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procainamide (Pronestyl)
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sodium channel blocker
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quinidine
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sodium channel blocker
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lidocaine (Xylocaine)
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sodium channel blocker
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flecainide (Tambocor)
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sodium channel blocker
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propafenone (Rhythmol)
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sodium channel blocker
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amiodarone (Cordarone)
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potassium channel blocker
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dofetilide (Tikosyn)
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potassium channel blocker
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sotalol (Betapace)
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potassium channel blocker
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adenosine (Adenocard)
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prolongs SA node conductance by activation of IKAch currents, as well as by inhibition of PKA-dependent facilitation of L-type Calcium channels
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