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98 Cards in this Set

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candesartan (Atacand)
peptide: AT1 (angiotensin receptor 1) antagonist
irbesartan (Avapro)
peptide: AT1 (angiotensin receptor 1) antagonist
losartan (Cozaar)
peptide: AT1 (angiotensin receptor 1) antagonist
valsartan (Diovan)
peptide: AT1 (angiotensin receptor 1) antagonist
captopril (Capoten)
ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) inhibitor
enalapril (Vasotec)
ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) inhibitor
lisinopril (Prinivil)
ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) inhibitor
cholestyramine (Questran)
bile acid sequestrant, preventing reabsorption of cholesterol. Increase uptake of LDL from blood via upregulation of LDL receptors. Liver makes more VLDL, triglycerides actually up by 15-20% (bad? goal to lower cholesterol). [Large polymeric cationic exchange resins] Bad: dyspepsia, constipation, decreased absorption of other drugs
colestipol (Colestid)
bile acid sequestrant, preventing reabsorption of cholesterol. Increase uptake of LDL from blood via upregulation of LDL receptors. Liver makes more VLDL, triglycerides actually up by 15-20% (bad? goal to lower cholesterol). [Large polymeric cationic exchange resins] Bad: dyspepsia, constipation,
atorvastatin (Lipitor)
HMG CoA reductase inhibitor. Decrease cholesterol synthesis, upregulate LDL receptors, decreasing LDL. Bad: Rhabdomyolysis. mild hepatotoxicity. (first pass metabolism)
fluvastatin (Lescol)
HMG CoA reductase inhibitor. Decrease cholesterol synthesis, upregulate LDL receptors, decreasing LDL. Bad: Rhabdomyolysis. mild hepatotoxicity. (first pass metabolism)
lovastatin (Mevacor)
HMG CoA reductase inhibitor. Decrease cholesterol synthesis, upregulate LDL receptors, decreasing LDL. Bad: Rhabdomyolysis. mild hepatotoxicity. (first pass metabolism)
simvastatin (Zocor)
HMG CoA reductase inhibitor. Decrease cholesterol synthesis, upregulate LDL receptors, decreasing LDL. Bad: Rhabdomyolysis. mild hepatotoxicity. (first pass metabolism)
pravastatin (Pravachol)
HMG CoA reductase inhibitor. Decrease cholesterol synthesis, upregulate LDL receptors, decreasing LDL. Bad: Rhabdomyolysis. mild hepatotoxicity. (first pass metabolism)
clofibrate (Atromid-S)
fibric acid, increasee the activity of lipoprotein lipase. Clears chylomicrons and VLDL quickly, lowering triglycerides (VLDL) and raising HDL cholesterol.
gemfibrozil (Lopid)
fibric acid, increasee the activity of lipoprotein lipase. Clears chylomicrons and VLDL quickly, lowering triglycerides (VLDL) and raising HDL cholesterol.
ezetimibe (Zetia)
impairs intestinal absorption of cholesterol. But works after being absorbed, glucuronidated, and excreted back into the colon with bile. Very specific for cholesterol receptor, no drug/drug interactions(decreased absorption of other drugs like with bile sequesterants)
nicotinic acid (niacin)
inhibits VLDL secretion, ultimately decreasing production of LDL. More of an effect on triglycerides than cholesterol. Bad:L decreases circulating fibrinogen, PG mediated cutaneous vasodilation, glucose intolerance, hyperuricemia, worsens peptic ulcer disease
probucol (Lorelco)
increases LDL catabolism, binds LDL, blocks LDL oxidation. Modest cholesterol reduction. Bad: prolongs QT interval of electrocardiogram (ventricular arrythmias) and lowers HDL
liver additive toxicities
niacin, HMG CoA reductase
additive myositis/rhabdomyolysis
fibric acids with HMG CoA reductase(HMG CoA reductase causes rhabdomyolysis because inhibiting the enzyme inhibits production of ubiquinone, which is really important in skeletal mm.)
acebutolol (Sectral)
beta antagonist (selective)
atenolol (Tenormin)
beta antagonist (selective)
esmolol (Brevibloc)
beta antagonist (selective)
metoprolol (Lopressor)
beta antagonist (selective)
nadolol (Corgard)
beta antagonist (non-selective)
pindolol (Visken)
beta antagonist (non-selective)
propranolol (Inderal)
beta antagonist (non-selective)
timolol (Betimol)
beta antagonist (non-selective)
tadalafil (Cialis)
PDE5 inhibitor
sildenafil (Viagra)
PDE5 inhibitor
vardenafil (Levitra)
PDE5 inhibitor
verapamil (Covera)
Calcium channel blocker, cardioselective
diltiazem (Cardizem)
Calcium channel blocker, cardioselective
amlodipine (Norvasc)
Calcium channel blocker, vasoselective (dihydropyridine)
felodipine (Plendil)
Calcium channel blocker, vasoselective (dihydropyridine)
nicardipine (Cardene)
Calcium channel blocker, vasoselective (dihydropyridine)
nifedipine (Procardia)
Calcium channel blocker, vasoselective (dihydropyridine)
nimodipine (Nimotop)
Calcium channel blocker, vasoselective (dihydropyridine)
isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil)
nitrovasodilator
nitroglycerin (GTN, Nitrostat)
nitrovasodilator
nitroprusside sodium (SNP)
nitrovasodilator
aspirin
prevent platelet activation and aggregation
prasugrel (Effient)
metabolized in liver to active drug. Noncmopetitive, irreversible ADP antagonist of purinergic type2 receptors (blocks ADP activation of glycoprotein GPIIb/IIIa. Prevents platelet aggregation. Use: w/ aspirin in acute coronary syndrome (stents), MI, and stroke. 10x higher level of active metabolite than clopidogrel
clopidogrel (Plavix)
metabolized in liver to active drug. Noncmopetitive, irreversible ADP antagonist of purinergic type2 receptors (blocks ADP activation of glycoprotein GPIIb/IIIa. Prevents platelet aggregation. Use: w/ aspirin in acute coronary syndrome (stents), MI, and stroke. bad: neutropenia. 2 step activation, less active metabolite, takes longer.
ranolazine (Ranexa)
piperazine derivative, partial fatty-acid oxidation inhibitor. Mechanism not clear; inhibits late sodium current to reduce intracellular concentration and calcium overload in ischemic myocytes. Shifts ATP production from fatty acid oxidation to glycolysis (anaerobic). can add to other drugs safely. minimal BP and HR effects, improved exercise tolerance. for pts w. chronic angina who are refractory to traditional antianginals (prolongs QT interval)
doxazosin (Cardura)
alpha receptor antagonist
prazosin (Minipress)
alpha receptor antagonist
terazosin (Hytrin)
alpha receptor antagonist
carvedilol (Coreg)
mixed alpha/beta antagonist
labetalol (Trandate)
mixed alpha/beta antagonist
guanethidine (Ismelin)
peripheral transmission inhibitor of sympathetics
reserpine
peripheral transmission inhibitor of sympathetics (blocks packaging into storage vesicles)
α-methyldopa (Aldomet)
central-mediated sympatholytic
clonidine (Catapres)
central-mediated sympatholytic
guanabenz (Wytensin)
central-mediated sympatholytic
fosinopril (Monopril)
ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) inhibitor
diazoxide
vasodilator
epoprostenol (Flolan)
vasodilator
hydralazine (Apresoline)
vasodilator
minoxidil (Rogaine)
vasodilator
chlorothiazide (Diuril)
thiazide diuretic
chlorthalidone (Thalitone)
thiazide diuretic
hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDiuril)
thiazide diuretic
bumetanide (Bumex)
loop diuretic
ethacrynic acid (Edecrin)
loop diuretic
furosemide (Lasix)
loop diuretic
amiloride (Midamor)
potassium sparing diuretic
eplerenone (Inspra)
potassium sparing diuretic, aldosterone antagonist
spironolactone (Aldactone)
potassium sparing diuretic, aldosterone antagonist
triamterene (Dyrenium)
potassium sparing diuretic
sumatriptan (Imitrex)
serotonin agonist
zolmitriptan (Zomig)
serotonin agonist
cyproheptadine (Periactin)
serotonin antagonist
ketanserin
serotonin antagonist
ergonovine
serotonin partial agonist (ergot alkaloid)
ergotamine
serotonin partial agonist (ergot alkaloid)
methysergide (Sansert)
serotonin partial agonist (ergot alkaloid)
quinapril (Accupril)
ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) inhibitor
metolazone (Zaroxolyn)
thiazide like diuretic
torsemide (Demadex)
loop diuretic
bisoprolol (Zebeta)
beta receptor antagonist
digoxin (Lanoxin)
cardiac glycoside
digitoxin
cardiac glycoside
dobutamine
beta agonist
dopamine
beta agonist
inamrinone
PDE inhibitor, amrinone
milrinone (Primacor)
PDE inhibitor
disopyramide (Norpace)
sodium channel blocker
procainamide (Pronestyl)
sodium channel blocker
quinidine
sodium channel blocker
lidocaine (Xylocaine)
sodium channel blocker
flecainide (Tambocor)
sodium channel blocker
propafenone (Rhythmol)
sodium channel blocker
amiodarone (Cordarone)
potassium channel blocker
dofetilide (Tikosyn)
potassium channel blocker
sotalol (Betapace)
potassium channel blocker
adenosine (Adenocard)
prolongs SA node conductance by activation of IKAch currents, as well as by inhibition of PKA-dependent facilitation of L-type Calcium channels