Heart And Mediastinum: Nursing

Front 1

Where is the mediastinum located?

Back 1

in the thorax between the pleural cavities and is divided into 5 parts

Front 2

What are the great vessels of the mediastinum?

Back 2

aorta
brachiocephalic artery
left common cartoid artery
left subclavian artery
pulmonary trunk
trachea

Front 3

What is the anterior mediastinum consisted of?

Back 3

loose fat
lymph glands

Front 4

What does the middle mediastinum consist of?

Back 4

heart
ascending aorta
superior vena cava
bifucation of trachea
pulmonary veins
phrenic nerves

Front 5

What does the pericadiacophrenic vessel supply?

Back 5

the diaphragm and membrane

Front 6

What does the posterior mediastinum consist of?

Back 6

thoracic aorta
azygous vein
hemiazygous vein
accessory azygous vein
vagus nerve
thoracic duct
esophagus
splanchnic nerves

Front 7

What does the thymus produce?

Back 7

T lymphocytes

Front 8

When is the thymus the largest and most active?

Back 8

in neonates and pre-adolescense

Front 9

When does the thymus begin to atrophy?

Back 9

by teens

Front 10

Where is the thymus located?

Back 10

in the superior mediastinum

Front 11

What is the fibrous pericardium?

Back 11

strong outer cover of dense connective tissue that holds the heart in place and stops overfilling with blood

Front 12

What does the fibrous pericardium adhere to?

Back 12

the diaphragm and parietal pleura

Front 13

what does the serous pericardium create?

Back 13

a lubricated enviornment with serous fluid

Front 14

What does the serous pericardium do?

Back 14

provides a space for the heart to expand and contract.. protects and anchors the heart

Front 15

What are the layers of the heart wall superficial to deep?

Back 15

epicardium
myocardium
enocardium

Front 16

What is the epicardium made of?

Back 16

simple squamous epithelium and a deeper fat layer

Front 17

What does the epicardium secrete?

Back 17

pericardial fluid

Front 18

What is the myocardium formed by?

Back 18

cardiac muscle

Front 19

Where is the myocardium thicker and why are they?

Back 19

left ventricle...thicker in the ventricles because they pump against gravity

Front 20

What is cardiac muscle?

Back 20

fibers that contract as a single unit and have special cell to cell contacts termed intercalated discs

Front 21

Describe muscle impulses in cardiac muscle

Back 21

muscle impulses are distributed to all the fibers in the atria or ventricles at the same time and immediately

Front 22

What is the cardiac skeleton?

Back 22

a structure of dense connective tissue separating atria from ventricles that supports valves

Front 23

What can be said of the cells in the endocardium?

Back 23

they are biologically the same as the endothelial cells lining blood vessels

Front 24

What does the endocardium form?

Back 24

forms a barrier between the blood and heart tissues

Front 25

What does the coronary sulcus divide?

Back 25

atria from the ventricles

Front 26

What does the the anterior inter ventricular sulcus divide?

Back 26

anterior aspect of the two ventricles

Front 27

What does the crista terminals divide?

Back 27

the rough from the smooth parts of the atrium

Front 28

What is the function of the trabeculae carneae?

Back 28

contract to tighten chordae tendinae and keep valves closed

Front 29

What is the cardiovascular system divided into?

Back 29

pulmonary and systemic circuits

Front 30

Expliain the pulmonary circuit

Back 30

oxygen poor blood is brought to the heart and pumped to the lung and oxygen rich blood is brought to the heart from the lungs

Front 31

Explain the systemic circuit

Back 31

oxygen rich blood is pumped from the heart to the body and oxygen poor blood is returned from the body to the heart

Front 32

What is the blood flow through the heart on the right side

Back 32

deoxygenated blood fills the right atrium from the body

deoxygenated blood flows into the right ventricle from the right atrium

deoxygenated blood pumped into pulmonary artery to the lungs from the right ventricle

Front 33

What is the blood flow through the left side of the heart?

Back 33

oxygenated blood fills the left atrium from the pulmonary veins returning from the lungs

oxygenated blood fills the left ventricle from the left atrium

the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the body from the aorta

Front 34

chordae tendinae

Back 34

relax during atrial systole and become tense during ventricular systole to prevent atrioventicular valve eversion

Front 35

papillary muscle

Back 35

contract to tighten chordae tendinae

Front 36

What are the five parts of the cardiac cycle?

Back 36

atrial systole
early ventricular systole
late ventriucular systole
early ventricular diastole
later ventricular diastole

Front 37

What happens during the atrial systole?

Back 37

atria contract
AV valves open
semilunar valves are closed

Front 38

When do AV valves close?

Back 38

during ventricular systole to prevent backflow of blood into atria

Front 39

What causes the first heart sound?

Back 39

AV valve closure
S1
lub

Front 40

What happens when early ventricular systole occurs?

Back 40

atria relax
AV forced close
semilunar vavles are closed