Heart

Front 1

HOW MUCH DOES THE AVERAGE ADULT HEART PUMP EACH DAY

Back 1

1,900 GALLONS

Front 2

PULMONARY CIRCULATION

Back 2

BLOOD TO THE LUNGS, THEN BACK TO THE HEART

Front 3

SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION

Back 3

OXYGEN AND NUTRIENTS TO THE BODY

Front 4

APEX

Back 4

BLUNT, ROUNDED INFERIOR POINT

Front 5

BASE

Back 5

LARGE, FLAT SUPERIOR ASPECT

Front 6

PERICARDIUM

Back 6

TOUGH, FIBROUS OUTER LAYER OF FIBROUS PERICARDIUM

THIN, INNER LAYER OF SEROUS PERICARDIUM

Front 7

CARDIAC TAMPONADE

Back 7

LARGE VOLUME OF FLUID, BLOOD IN THE PERICARDIAL SAC

Front 8

3 LAYERS OF HEART WALL

Back 8

EPICARDIUM- OUTER LAYER
MYOCARDIUM- THICK MIDDLE LAYER OF CARDIAC MUSCLE CELLS
ENDOCARDIUM- LINES HEART CHAMBERS

Front 9

ANASTOMOSES

Back 9

ABILITY TO GROW ARTERY AROUND A BLOCKED SITE IN ARTERY

Front 10

PULMONARY ARTERY

Back 10

BLOOD TRAVELS FROM HEART TO LUNGS

Front 11

PULMONARY VEIN

Back 11

BLOOD TRAVELS FROM LUNG TO HEART

Front 12

FUNCTIONS OF HEART SKELETON

Back 12

PLATE OF FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE BETWEEN ATRIA & VENTRICLES
PLATE FORMS FIBROUS RING ON AV&SEMILUNAR VALVE
ELEC INSULATION BETWEEN ATRIA & VENTRICLE
RIGID SITE FOR CARDIAC MUSCLE ATTACHMENT

Front 13

AUTHRHYTHMIC

Back 13

STIMULATES ITSELF TO CONTRACT AT REGULAR INTERVALS

Front 14

CARDIAC MUSCLE CELLS

Back 14

ELONGATED, BRACHING,"T"S EACH CONTAIN 1-2 CENTRAL NUCLEI

Front 15

INTERCALATED DISKS

Back 15

BOUND END TO END
BETTER FIT=BETTER CONTACT= FASTER CONDUCTION

Front 16

GAP JUNCTIONS

Back 16

AREAS OF LOW ELECTRIC RESISTANCE BETWEEN CELLS

Front 17

SINOATRIAL NODE

Back 17

IS MEDIAL TO OPENING OF SUPERIOR VENA CAVA
PACEMAKER OF THE HEART SPONTANEOUSLY GENERATES AP WILL GENERATE 100 BPM IF NOT REGULATED
PARSYMPATHIC SLOWS IT DOWN- SYMPATHEIC SPEEDS IT UP

Front 18

ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODE

Back 18

IS MEDIAL TO RIGHT AV VALVE

Front 19

ATRIOVENTRICULAR BUNDLE

Back 19

PASSES THROUGH SMALL OPENING IN FIBROUS SKELETON TO REACH INTERVENTRICULAR SEPTUM

Front 20

R&L BUNDLE BRANCHES

Back 20

EXTEND EACH SIDE OF INTERVENTRIC SEPTUM TO ASPICS OF R&L VENTRICLES

Front 21

PURKINJIE FIBERS

Back 21

LARGE DIAMETER FIBERS, MORE INTERCALATED DISCS AND MORE GAP JUNCTIONS= VERY RAPID CONDUCTION

Front 22

SPEED OF CARDIAC ELEC. CONDUCTION

Back 22

AP TAKES 0.04 SEC. TO TRAVEL FROM SA NODE TO AV NODE
0.11 SEC TO TRAVEL FROM AV NODE TO AV BUNDLE

Front 23

CARDIAC POLARIZATION & DEPOLARIZATION PHASES

Back 23

1- RAPID DEPOLARIZATION
2- RAPID PUT PARTIAL REPOLARIZATION
3- SLOW REPOLARIZATION(PLATEAU SPHASE)
4- RAPID FINAL REPOLARIZATION

Front 24

AP CONDUCTION

Back 24

FROM CELL TO CELL
SKELETAL AP- ALONG FIBERS

Front 25

CARDIAC CYCLE

Back 25

HEART IS TWO PUMPS WORKING TOGETHER- EACH HALF HAS PRIMER PUMP( ATRIUM) AND POWER PUMP( VENTRICLE)

Front 26

FUNCTION OF PRIMER PUMP (ATRIUM)

Back 26

FILL VENTRICLES

Front 27

FUNCTION OF POWER PUMP (VENTRICLE)

Back 27

CAUSES CIRCULATION FLOW

Front 28

ATRIAL SYSTOLE
VENTRICULAR DIASTOLE

Back 28

CONTRACTION OF ATRIAL MYOCARDIUM AT THE SAME TIME AS RELAXATION OF VENTRICULAR MYOCARDIUM

Front 29

ATRIAL DIASTOLE
VENTRICULAR SYSTOLE

Back 29

RELAXATION OF ATRIAL MYOCARDIUM AT THE SAME TIME AS CONTRACTION OF VENTRICULAR MYOCARDIUM

Front 30

5 STAGES OF CARDIAC CYCLE

Back 30

1-ATRIAL SYSTOLE-ATRIA CONTRACT& TOP OFF VENTRICLES
2-ISOVOLUMETRIC VENTRICULAR CONTRACTION
3-VENTRICULAR EJECTION
4- ISOVOLUMETRIC VENTRICULAR RELAXATION
5- VENTRICULAR FILLING

Front 31

ATRIAL SYSTOLE=ATRIA CONTRACT & TOP OFF VENTRICLES

Back 31

AV VALVES OPEN
SEMILUNAR VALVES CLOSED
VENTS PASSILY FILLED 70% DURING DIASTOLE

Front 32

ISOVOLUMETRIC VENTRICULAR CONTRACTION

Back 32

START OF VENTRICLE CONTRACTION CLOSES AV VALVES FILLS VENTRICLE TO 120-130ML OF BLOOD

Front 33

VENTRICULAR EFECTION

Back 33

VENT PRESSURE>SYSTEMIC PRESSURE, SEMILUNARS ARE OPEN& EJECT BLOOD INTO BLOOD
VENTRICLE EMPTIED TO 50- 60 ML OF BLOOD

Front 34

ISOVOLUMETRIC VENTRICULAR RELAXATION

Back 34

VENTS BEGIN TO RELAX, SYSTEMIC PRESSURE CLOSES AV VALVES

Front 35

VENTRICULAR FILLING

Back 35

VENTRICLES RELAX & VENT PRESSURE< ATRIAL PRESSURE= AV VALVES OPEN
VENTRICLES PASSIEVLY FILL BEFORE NEXT ATRIAL CONTACT" TOPS OFF" VENTS

Front 36

ELECTROCARDIOGRAM ( EKG)

Back 36

RECORD OF ELECTRICAL IMPULSES THROUGH HEART AP CAN BE MEASURED.

Front 37

P WAVE

Back 37

DEPOLARIZATION OF ATRIAL MYOCARDIUM( ONSET OF ATRIAL CONTRACT)

Front 38

QRS COMPLEX

Back 38

VENTRICULAR DEPOLARIZATION( ONSET OF VENTRICULAR CONTRACT)

Front 39

T WAVE

Back 39

REPOLARIZATION OF VENTRICLES ( PRECEDES VENTRICULAR RELAXATION)

Front 40

HEART SOUNDS CAUSE OF "LUB" AND DUBB"

Back 40

LUBB-AV CLOSING DURING SYSTOLE
DUBB- SEMILUNARS CLOSING DURING DIASTOLE

Front 41

ISCHEMIA

Back 41

OBSTRUCTION OF BLOOD SUPPLY TO THE WALLS OF THE HEART

Front 42

HEART MURMUR

Back 42

ABNORMAL SOUNDS FROM VALVE PROBELMS

Front 43

REGURITATION

Back 43

REVERSE FLOW, LEAKY VALVE

Front 44

STENOSED

Back 44

VALVES DO NOT OPEN FULLY

Front 45

STROKE VOLUME

Back 45

VOLUME OF BLOOD PUMPED EACH BEAT- AVERAGE IS 70ML

Front 46

HEART RATE

Back 46

BEATS PER MINUTE; AVERAGE 70 BPM

Front 47

CARDIAC OUTPUT

Back 47

AMOUNT OF BLOOD PUMPED PER MINUTE= STROKE VOLUME X HEART RATE

Front 48

EJECTION FRACTION

Back 48

AMOUNT OF BLOOD EJECTED VS HOW MUCH HEART FILLS
SV/EDV

Front 49

PERIPHERAL RESISTANCE

Back 49

TOTAL RESISTANCE OF CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
HEART MUST PUMP AGAINIST RESISTANCE

Front 50

MEAN ARTERIAL PRESSURE

Back 50

BLOOD PRESSURE IN ARTERIES
CARDIAC PUTPUT x PERIPHERAL RESISTANCE

Front 51

INTRINSIC REGULATION

Back 51

FUNCTIONAL CHARTERICSTICS OF THE HEART

Front 52

STARLINGS LAW OF THE HEART

Back 52

AS VENOUS RETURN INCREASES, VENT WALLS STRETCH WHICH CAUSES MORE FORCEFUL VENT CONTRACTION. MORE FORCE MORE OUTPUT

Front 53

EXTRINSIC REGULATION

Back 53

HORMONES & NERVOUS SYSTEM= THESE SYSTEMS REGULATE HR & SV

Front 54

VAGUS NERVE AND THE HEART

Back 54

CARRIES PREGANGLONIC FIBERS FROM BRAIN STEM TO HEART WALL DECREASES HR

Front 55

BARORECEPTORS REFLEXES

Back 55

DETECT CHANGES IN WALLS OF ARTERIES HIGHER BP CAUSES HR TO DECREASE
LOWER BP CAUSES HR TO INCREASE