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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 layers of the pericardium?
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Outer fibrous layer
Middle parietal layer of serous pericardium Inner visceral layer of serous pericardium |
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Pericardial Cavity is a potential space that lies between what two structures?
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Parietal and Visceral layers of serous pericardium
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What Arteries supply the pericardium?
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Branches of the Internal Thoracic Artery (Pericardiacophrenic A & Musculophrenic A) and the Aorta (Bronchial, Esophageal, Superior Phrenic) and Coronary Arteries
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What Nerves supply the Pericardium?
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Phrenic Nerves, Vagus Nerve, and Sympathetic Trunks (prevertebral ganglia)
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An inflammation of the pericardium resulting in chest pain and pericardial friction rub
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pericarditis
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Fluid (or pus) in the pericardial cavity from the pericardial capillaries often the result of pericarditis which can lead to inefficiency of the heart (due to compression) and can cause Cardiac Tamponade.
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Pericardial Effusion
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Treatment for Pericardial Effusion
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Pericardiocentesis, surgery to remove chronically inflamed piece of pericardium
If minor: NSAIDs, anti-inflammatory |
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Results from extensive pericardial effusion. Fluid does not allow full heart expansion and limits the amount of blood the heart receives resulting in reduced cardiac output.
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Cardiac Tamponade
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Symptoms of Cardiac Tamponade
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Beck's Triad: hypotension (due to decreased stroke volume and cardiac output)
Jugular-venous distention (heart not working well, blood backs up into veins) Muffled heart sounds |
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Term for blood in pericardial cavity
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Hemopericardium
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Name the Procedure used to withdrawal fluid from pericardial sac
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Pericardiocentesis
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Needle placement for pericardiocentesis?
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Placed left of 5th or 6th intercostal space near sternum (Bare Area: lungs not covering heart) or the Infrasternal Angle
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Right Atrium receives venous blood from what 4 sources?
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Superior & Inferior Vena Cava, Coronary Sinus, and Anterior Cardiac Veins
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Name the internal structures of the Right Atrium:
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Sinus Venarum, Pectinate muscle, crista terminalis, fossa ovalis, auricle
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The Superior Vena Cava drains blood from?
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Head, Neck, Upper Limbs
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The Inferior Vena Cava drains blood from?
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lower body
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The Coronary Sinus drains blood from?
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heart muscle
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The Anterior Cardiac Veins drains blood from?
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anterior heart
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The Fossa Ovalis is located where?
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On the Intra-Atrial Septum
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The Auricle is also used as?
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An overflow chamber for the heart
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The embryonic origin of the Sinus Venarum
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Sinus Venosus
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The embryonic origin of the Trabeculated parts of the heart?
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Primitive Atrium
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The embryonic origin of the Fossa Ovalis?
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Foramen Ovale
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Name the internal structures of the Right Ventricle?
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Trabeculae carnae, conus arteriosus/infundibulum, Tricuspid Valve, Septomarginal Trabeculae (Moderator Band)
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The Tricuspid Valve leads from ____ to ____?
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Right Atrium --> Right Ventricle
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The Conus Arteriosus/Infundibulum leads to?
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Pulmonary trunk from Pulmonary Valve --> Pulmonary Arteries
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The Tricuspid Valve includes what structures?
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Chordae Tendineae
Papillary Muscles (Anterior, Posterior, Septal) |
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The Moderator Band contains?
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The Right branch of the AV bundle
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The embryonic origin of the Conus Arteriosis of the Right Ventricle?
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Bulbus Cordis
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The embryonic origin of the Trabeculated parts of the Right Ventricle?
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Primitive Ventricle
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The Left Atrium receives highly oxygenated venous blood from?
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4 Pulmonary veins (2 superior & 2 inferior)
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The internal aspect of the Left Ventricle contain?
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Trabeculae carneae, Aortic vestibule, Biscupid (Mitral) valve
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Which chamber of the heart has the thickest wall?
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Left Ventricle
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The Mitral Valve includes what structures?
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Choradae Tendinae
2 Papillary Muscles (Anterior & Posterior) |
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Location of the SA Node
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Between the Superior Vena Cava and the Right Atrium
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Location of Bachmann's Bundle
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Right to Left Atrium
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Location of AV Node
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Posteroinferior portion of Interatrial septum
Near coronary sinus opening |
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Location of the Bundle of His
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Membranous part of the Interventricular septum
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What is the primary pacemaker cell of a healthy person?
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SA Node
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What other pacemaker cell can pick up function if the primary pacemaker fails?
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AV Node
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What is the frequency of AP for the SA Node?
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60-100 bpm
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What is the frequency of AP for the AV Node?
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40-60 bpm
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If all other pacemaker cells malfunction, can the purkinje fibers pick up pacemaker function?
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Yes, but not to a livable extent
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What is the frequency of AP for the Purkinje system?
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20-40 bpm
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Cardiac Conduction Pathway
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SA Node --> Spontaneous depolarization --> Both Atria (Left Atrium via Bachmann's Bundle) depolarize/contract --> AV Node (move slower, to allow atria to completely contract before Ventricles) --> Bundles of His --> Bundle Branches --> Purkinje Fibers --> Endocardium @ Apex --> Ventricles
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T/F: The SA Node requires nerves or hormones to initially depolarize
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False
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Name the 3 layers of heart tissue
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Epicardium, myocardium & Endocardium
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The Endocardium is continuous with and similar to what?
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Tunica Intima
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What are the 2 layers of the Endocardium? What do they contain?
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Endothelium (Simple Squamous with fibroelastic CT) and Subendothelial Layer (Dense CT w/ small blood vessels, nerves, & Purkinje Fibers)
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The Coronary Arteries/Veins are contained in which layer of the heart?
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Endocardium
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Of the 3 layers of the heart, which is the largest?
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Myocardium
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The Myocardium consists of?
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Cardiac Muscles arranged in spirals around orifices, separated by loose CT
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The Myocardium is similar to what layer of the blood vessel?
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Tunica Media
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The Epicardium is also known as what layer of the pericardium?
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Visceral Layer of Serous Pericardium
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The Epicardium is similar to what layer of the blood vessel?
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Tunica Adventitia
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The Epicardium consists of?
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Fibrous CT covered by thin mesothelium (simple squamous).
Subepicardial layer: Loose CT w/ Coronary vessels, nerves, ganglia, etc |
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T/F: Purkinje Cells are nerves
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False, they are modified, non-contractile cardiac muscle cells
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Location of Purkinje Fibers
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Sub-endocardium of the Inner Ventricular Walls
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Purkinje Fibers contain lots of ___ & ____, few ____ and no ____
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Glycogen & Mitochondria
myofibrils T Tubules |
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Name the 4 branches of the Right Coronary Artery
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SA Nodal
Right Marginal Posterior Interventricular AV Nodal |
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The Right Coronary Artery supplies what structures?
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Right Atrium, Right Ventricle, Posterior 1/3 of Interventricular Septum, SA & AV Nodes
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Name the 2 branches of the Left Coronary Artery and what they branch into
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Anterior Interventricular (Branches into Left Anterior Descending & Diagonal Branch)
Circumflex (Left Marginal) |
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The Left Coronary Artery supplies what structures?
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Left Atrium, Left Ventricle, Anterior 2/3rd potion of Interventricular Septum, and AV Node
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Aortic Valve Location?
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Medial aspect of left 3rd intercostal space, behind sternum
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Aortic Valve Auscultation Location?
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2nd intercostal space, right parasternal
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Pulmonic Valve Location?
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Medial aspect of 3rd costal cartilage
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Pulmonic Valve Auscultation Location?
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2nd intercostal space, left parasternal
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Tricuspid Valve Location?
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Medial aspect of right 5th costal cartilage, behind sternum
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Tricuspid Valve Auscultation Location?
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5th intercostal space, left parasternal
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Mitral Valve Location?
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Medial aspect of left 3rd intercostal space
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Mitral Valve Auscultation Location?
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5th intercostal space, left mid-clavicular line
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