Heart 1

Front 1

the place where the apical pulse is palpated as strongest, often in the fifth intercostals space of the thorax, just medial to the left midclavicular line.

Back 1

Point of maximum impulse (PMI):

Front 2

intermittent attacks of ischemia of the extremities of the body, especially the fingers, toes, ears, and nose, caused by exposure to cold or by emotional stimuli. The attacks are characterized by severe blanching of the extremities, followed by cyanosis, then redness; they are usually accompanied by numbness, tingling, burning and often pain. Normal co lor and sensation are restored by heat. The attacks usually occur secondary to such conditions as scleroderma, RA, systemic lupus erythematosus, thoracic outlet syndrome, drug intoxications, dysproteinemia, myxedema, primary pulmonary hypertension and trauma. The condition is call Raynauds disease when there is a history of symptoms and no evidence of an underlying cause.

Back 2

Raynaud's phenomenon:

Front 3

Murmur; a heart murmur caused by the backflow of blood through the partly closed cusps of a defective valve. Kinds of regurgiant murmurs include diastolic and systolic murmurs.

Back 3

Regurgitant:

Front 4

redness, especially when accompanying inflammation.

Back 4

Rubor:

Front 5

. the presence of two components in the first or second heart sound complexes; particularly denoting separation of the elements of the second sound into two, representing aortic valve closure and pulmonic valve closure.

Back 5

Splitting:

Front 6

: a fall in blood pressure that occurs when a pregnant woman is lyi ng on her back. It is caused by impaired venous return that results from pressure of the gravid uterus on the vena cava. Also called vena caval syndrome.

Back 6

Supine hypotensive syndrome

Front 7

an abnormal condition characterized by the constrictions or narrowing of an opening or passageway in a body structure. The term is commonly used to describe heart valve and vessel abnormalities as well as narrowing of joint spaces as in cervical stenosis. Kinds of stenosis include aortic or pyloric stenosis.

Back 7

Stenosis:

Front 8

the contraction of the heart, driving blood into the aorta and pulmonary arteries. The occurrence of systole is indicated by the first sound heard on auscultation, by the palpable apex beat, and by the peripheral pulse.

Back 8

Systole:

Front 9

: a condition in which the heart contracts at a rate greater than 100/min. It may occur normally in response to fever, exercise, or nervous excitement. Pathologic tachycardia accompanies anoxia, such as that caused by anemia; congestive heart failure; hemprrhage; or shock. Tachycardia acts to increase the amount of oxygen delivered to the cells of the body by increasing the rate at which blood circulates through the vessels.

Back 9

Tachycardia

Front 10

: a fine vibration, felt by an examiner hand on a patient’s body over the site of an aneurysm or on the precordium(lower thorax area over heart), resulting from turmoil in the flow of blood and indicating the presence of an organic murmur of grade 4 or greater intensity. A thrill can also be felt over the carotids if a bruit is present and over an arteriovenous fistula in the patient undergoing hemodialysis.

Back 10

Thrill

Front 11

a condition in which a blood vessel is obstructed by a blood clot (thrombus) carried in the bloodstream from its site of formation. The area supplied by an obstructed artery may tingle and become cold, numb, and cyanotic. Treatment includes quiet bed rest, warm wet packs, and anticoagulants to prevent the formations of additional thrombi. Embolectomy may be indicated, especially if the aorta or common iliac artery is obstructed. A thromboembolus in the lungs causes a sudden, sharp thoracic or upper abdominal pain, dyspnea, cough, fever, anxiety, hemoptysis, and associated electrocardiogram changes. Obstruction of the pulmonary artery or one of its main branches may be fatal. Thromboemboli are diagnosed by xray films, CT pulmonary angiograms and other radiology procedures including lung scans and angiography.

Back 11

Thromboembolic phenomenon:

Front 12

1. An abnormal condition, usually of a vein, characterized by swelling and tortuosity. 2. A vein in this condition.

Back 12

Varicosity:

Front 13

a tortuous(twisted) , dilated vein, artery or lymphatic vessel.

Back 13

Varix (plural varices):

Front 14

a continuous mumur heard on auscultation over the major veins at the base of the neck and around the umbilicus. It is most audible in the neck when the patient is anemic, upright, and looking to the contralateral side. It is also heard in some healthy, young individuals.

Back 14

Venous hum:

Front 15

a test for the patency of the radial artery after insertion of an indwelling monitoring catheter. The patients hand is formed into a fist while the nurse compresses the ulnar artery. Compression continues while the fist is opened. If blood perfusion is through the radial artery is adequate, the hand should flush and resume its normal pinkish coloration.

Back 15

Allen’s test:

Front 16

a test of circulation in the fingers or toes. Pressure is applied to a fingernail or toenail until normal color is lost. The pressure is then removed and if the circulation is normal, color should return almost immediately, within 2 seconds. The time may be prolonged by dehydration a compromise of circulation such as arterial occlusion; hypovolemic shock or hypothermia.

Back 16

Blanch Test: