Hearing Midterm

Front 1

john kirby sextet

Back 1

recorded a musical entitled audiology

Front 2

carhart and canfield

Back 2

they coined the term audiology

Front 3

john keys

Back 3

was the first person to earn a PhD in audiology

Front 4

the AuD is a

Back 4

clinical doctorate and professional degree

Front 5

the role of the AuD is

Back 5

assessment, rehabilitation, identification

Front 6

the external auditory meatus adds a _____ boost at teh resonant frequency of the ear canal

Back 6

10dB

Front 7

the ________ separates the middle and inner ear

Back 7

promontory

Front 8

the _________ is where the cochlea and the labrynth join

Back 8

vestibule

Front 9

the vestibule houses the ________ and _______

Back 9

utricle and sacule

Front 10

the utricle and sacule contain an organ of balance called the

Back 10

macula

Front 11

the utricle and sacule interperate ________ acceleration

Back 11

linear acceleration

Front 12

the ______________ arise from the utricle

Back 12

semicircular canals

Front 13

the ______ in the semicircular canal houses the _______

Back 13

ampulla, crista

Front 14

the crista is responsible for

Back 14

angular acceleration

Front 15

the three layers of the cochlea are

Back 15

scala vestibuli, scala media, scala tympani

Front 16

the scala vestibuli and scala tympani contain perilymph and communicate through a small opening at the tip of the cochlea called the _________

Back 16

helicotrema

Front 17

the scala media connects with teh utricle, sacule, and semicircule canals through the ________

Back 17

ductus reunions

Front 18

organ of corti has _____ outer hair cells and ____ inner hair cells

Back 18

15,000 and 5,000

Front 19

hairlike projections at the top of the hair cells are called

Back 19

steriocilia

Front 20

the ____ is the central core around which the cochlea spirals

Back 20

modiolus

Front 21

development of the inner ear. begins in the ___ week and reaches adult size by the ___

Back 21

6th week, 6th month

Front 22

in the inner ear the _______ portion develops before the ______ portion

Back 22

vestibular, cochlear

Front 23

microtia

Back 23

small auricles

Front 24

anotia

Back 24

absent auricles

Front 25

keloids

Back 25

excessive scar tissue on outer ear

Front 26

squamous cell carcinoma

Back 26

malignant tumor of the pinna

Front 27

atresia

Back 27

lack of an open ear canal. causes conductive loss

Front 28

stenosis

Back 28

narrowing of the ear canal. more likely to have earwax buildup

Front 29

external otitis

Back 29

infection of the skin of the ear canal - swimmers ear

Front 30

osteomas

Back 30

bony tumors that grow in the ear canal

Front 31

exostoses

Back 31

outward projections or protrusions of the bony wall of the ear canal

Front 32

tympanosclerosis

Back 32

thickening and scaring of the eardrum

Front 33

serous effusion

Back 33

fluid in the middle ear associated with eustachian tube dysfunction

Front 34

otitis media

Back 34

infection of the mucous membrane lining the middle ear cavity

Front 35

cholesteatoma

Back 35

pseudotumor formed in the middle ear by skin entering the middle ear cavity

Front 36

patulous eustachian tube

Back 36

when the ET remains chronically open can result in "head in a barrel"

Front 37

otosclerosis

Back 37

- progressive disorder. begins after puberty. spongy bone growth over stapes footplate. begins to fix the stapes in the oval window. carhart notch at 2000

Front 38

ossicular discontinuity

Back 38

trauma to the ossicular chain causes disruption in motion and results in conductive hearing loss

Front 39

waardenbergs

Back 39

is autosomal dominant and results in sensorineural loss

Front 40

ushers

Back 40

is autosomal recessive and results in sensorineural loss and loss of vision

Front 41

alport syndrome

Back 41

is x-linked recessive and results in sensorineural hearing loss

Front 42

trisomy 21 may have

Back 42

conductive, sensorineural or mixed hearing loss

Front 43

barotraumas

Back 43

creating a fistula in the annulus of the oval window

Front 44

acoustic trauma

Back 44

sensorineural loss as a result of sound. classing audiometric configuration of notch at 4,000 hz

Front 45

presbycusis

Back 45

hearing loss due to aging

Front 46

meniere's disease

Back 46

1. aural fullness 2. roaring tinitus 2. low frequncy sensorineural loss (fluctuating) 3. vertigo (sudden onset)

Front 47

neurofibromatosis

Back 47

causes bilateral auditory nerve tumors

Front 48

eardrums that are made stiff will vibrate better at a ______ frequency

Back 48

higher frequency

Front 49

the velocity of sound in air is

Back 49

2200 ft/sec at 20 degrees celsius

Front 50

when two tones of almost identical frequency are presented, there is a increase and decrease in intensity

Back 50

beats

Front 51

puretone

Back 51

is a tone of only one frequency

Front 52

intensity level measurement

Back 52

10(-16) watts/cm^2

Front 53

adding two signals of equal intensity produces a ____ increase in intensity level

Back 53

3dB increase

Front 54

SPL unit of smallest measurement

Back 54

20 micro pascals. or .0002dyne/cm^2

Front 55

adding two signals of equal intensity produces a ____ increase in sound pressure level

Back 55

6dB

Front 56

the lowest sound intensity that stimulates normal hearing is called

Back 56

0dBHL

Front 57

the level of a puretone or complex signal at which it can be detected by the listener 50% of the time

Back 57

threshold

Front 58

this uses the patient's individual threshold as a reference

Back 58

dBSL

Front 59

pitch is measured in ___ for psychoacoustics

Back 59

mels

Front 60

loudness is measured in ___ for psychoacoustics

Back 60

sone

Front 61

the occlusion effect is present in patients with

Back 61

sensorineural loss or normal hearing

Front 62

the occlusion effect is absent in patients with

Back 62

conductive loss

Front 63

the schabach test

Back 63

compares patient's bone conduction to normal bone conduction

Front 64

the rinne test

Back 64

compares patients air and bone conduction. positive is louder by air conduction

Front 65

the bing test

Back 65

tests for occlusion effect

Front 66

the webber test

Back 66

places tuning fork at midline and determines conductive vs. sensorineural loss

Front 67

if there is no obvious difficulty in hearing start at

Back 67

30dBHL

Front 68

start testing in the ____ear

Back 68

better

Front 69

if there is obvious difficulty hearing, start at ____

Back 69

70dBHL

Front 70

level is increased by ___ dBHL until patient responds and lowered in ___dBHL steps

Back 70

5, 10

Front 71

puretone average at

Back 71

500, 1000, 2000

Front 72

fletcher average is

Back 72

the better two frequenciers when there is a 20dB discrepancy

Front 73

three mechanisms of bone conduction

Back 73

distortional, inertial, osseotympanic

Front 74

distortional

Back 74

when vibrational force is applied to the skull, the bones move in harmony with phase stimuli

Front 75

inertial

Back 75

if the skull is set into motion, the ossicles will also be set into motion

Front 76

osseotympanic

Back 76

the skull vibration creastes energy that is transmitted to the bone and cartilage and creates sound in the ear canal

Front 77

the occlusion effect occurs most for

Back 77

the frequencies of 10000 and below (lower frequencies) it goes 30 20 10 10 0

Front 78

SAT/SDT

Back 78

speech awareness threshold
- the softest level at which a patient is able to detect the presence of speech and recognize it as speech
- cold running speech, monotone syllables babababab

Front 79

SRT

Back 79

Speech recognition threshold
- the softest level at which patient can correctly identify AND repeat (or indicate) speech 50% of the time
- spondees, cold running speech
- familiarize the patient with wordlist

Front 80

MCL

Back 80

most comfortable loudness level
- normals are usually 40-55dB above threshold
- running discourse
- useful in hearing aid evals

Front 81

UCL

Back 81

uncomfortable loudness level
- in normals it is usually around 100-110dBHL
- in conductives it may be higher than normals
- in sensorineurals it may be lower than normals

Front 82

Dynamic range

Back 82

difference between SRT and UCL
- about 100dB in normals
- may be reduced for sensorineural loss due to “recruitment”

Front 83

WRS

Back 83

word recognition score
- used to eval recognitions of words
- phonetically balanced (PB) word lists
- PBK – phonetically balanced kindergarten
- Closed set – Picture Identification Task

Front 84

PB Max

Back 84

- speech scores plateau above a certain dB level for each individual
- this level varies by individual,
- normals should plateau at over 90%

Front 85

words are presented

Back 85

- never below MCL and never above UCL
- scored as % correct out of 25 or 50

Front 86

Critical bands

Back 86

the cochlea is divided into a series of overlapping filters
- when masking a tone with a broadband noise, only the frequencies within a critical band centered around the frequency of the tone exert a masking effect on the signal
o NBN – narrow band noise is the masker of choice for pure tone signals
o WBN – wide or white noise is the second choice b/c it covers a broad range of frequencies

Front 87

There is a _____ safety factor with masking

Back 87

15dB