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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why should you study audiology if you're going to be a speech-language pathologist? |
-hearing screening -amplification/equipment checks *the SLP becomes an expert in matters of audiology when an audiologist is not present or on staff at any particular location |
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What are audiology's roots? |
-WWII-military people had hearing loss from noise exposure (bombs, etc.) -began with otologists (ear doctors) -"aural rehabilitationists" |
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What is an audiologist's scope of practice? |
-identification, assessment, diagnosis and treatment of hearing loss/impairment and vestibular issues -provide counseling -research -prevention of hearing loss -neurophysiological monitoring during surgeries -cochlear implant and hearing aid installation |
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How is a proper hearing screening performed? |
Must consider: -location (quiet environment) -calibration -positioning of patient (must be able to see the patient but the patient cannot see clinician's movements) -type of task for age/cognition established -infection control 1. Test at 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 Hz at 20 dBHL 2. ASHA recommends 1000, 2000 and 4000 Hz in addition to tympanometry 3. "You're going to hear some sounds/tones...respond by raising your hand EVERY time you hear, even when it is very soft or you THINK you've heard it. Any questions? 4. Train patient at 1000 Hz at 60 dBHL 5. Two times at each frequency 6. Pass=patient heard every frequency at 20 dBHL in each ear Refer=patient missed any frequency on one or both ears |
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What is a hearing screening vs. a pure tone diagnostic evaluation? |
The purpose of a hearing screening is to separate those with normal hearing from those who require additional testing, while a pure tone diagnostic evaluation is used to identify threshold levels of an individual to determine the degree, type and configuration of hearing loss
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How is a "Listening Check" of a hearing aid performed? |
-Receive hearing aid in a glove or tissue -Visual (check for wax, moisture and cracks) ~clean if necessary -Check battery for 1.4-1.5 volts (do this twice) -Listen for feedback, volume, clarity, frequency, response ~use Ling sounds |
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When/why do we do masking? |
When: There is a significant difference between ears (BC) or when there is a significant difference between test ear and BC on other ear Why: To isolate the test ear and ensure that results obtained are true thresholds of the test ear |
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How does the ear work? |
1. Acoustical Energy--a sound is made and rapidly forcing out particles in the air that set up a sine wave, which is then collected by the pinna and goes through the external auditory canal 2. Mechanical Energy--tympanic membrane vibrates and the vibration is transferred into the cochlea by the stapes through the oval window 3. Hydraulic Energy--fluid in perilymph is displaced 4. Chemical Energy--nerve endings (cilia) in cochlea begin to move and create chemical reaction 5. Electrical--cilia sends an electrical signal to the brain to hear |
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What are different types of hearing aids? |
-BTE (behind the ear) -ITE (in the ear) -CIC (completely in canal) |
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What are assistive devices and what are they used for? |
Sometimes, hearing aids or cochlear implants are not enough amplification (i.e., talking on the telephone with hearing aids will cause feedback) -background noise may effect hearing -speech clarity -distance (or facing away from individual) i.e., (TTY, Relay/CAPTEL, TV Helpers) |
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What are the specialized pediatric tests and for what ages are they used? |
Birth-6 months: -OAE -ABR -Immitance measures (Tymp. and reflexes) -Parent report -Behavior Observation Audiometry (BOA) 6 months-18 months/two years: -Visual Reinforcement Audiometry (VRA) 2-5 years: -may start with OAEs, speech tones, or emittance -Spondee pictures-SRT -Conditioned Play Audiometry (CPA) |
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Usher Syndrome |
condition characterized by combo of sensorineural hearing loss and progressive vision loss, known as retinis pigmentosa (RP) *most common cause of deaf blindness |
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Down Syndrome |
-Genetic disorder that occurs during cell division -Caused by full or partial extra chromosome 21 -Most common chromosomal disorder |
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Connexin 26 |
-most common cause of sensorineural hearing loss -hereditary-mutation of Cx26 protein -non-syndromic and non-progressive -hearing loss in high-tone range |
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Wildervanck Syndrome |
-skeletal malformations -eye movement disorder -congential hearing loss -small head, cleft palate, ear tags/pits |
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Enlarged Vestibular Aqueduct |
-bony canal from inner ear towards the brain is larger than head of a pin -hearing loss -respiratory infections -head trauma -vertigo -nausea |
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Meningitis |
-bacteria spreads through upper respiratory tract-->permanent brain damage, learning disabilities and hearing loss -fever with cold hands and feet -pale and blotchy skin -convulsions or seizures -frequently misdiagnosed |
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Meniere's Disease |
-affects the membranous labyrinth of ear -causes progressive deafness and attacks of tinnitus and vertigo -sensation of full ears |
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Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) |
-most common type of vestibular disorders -otoconia settle in posterior semicircular canal -lightheadedness, dizziness, difficulty concentration, imbalance, nausea |
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Barotrauma |
-injury sustained from failure to equalize the pressure of ear -activities like flying on an airplane and scuba diving disrupt normal Eustachian Tube equalization -dizziness, tinnitus, ear pain, hearing loss |
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Ototoxicity |
-induced poisoning on inner ear -hair cells unable to return to upright position -side effect from specific medication or chemical exposure-->linger in fluids of middle ear -headaches, imbalance, difficulty walking |
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Cholesteatoma |
-growth in middle ear that forms from perforation or retraction of tympanic membrane -acquired or congential -intermittent drainage of ear canal fluid, foul-smelling discharge -hearing loss, ear aches, vertigo |
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Treacher-Collins Syndrome |
-affects craniofacial development -drooped eyes -receding/abnormally small jaw -sunken face -malformations of outer and middle ear |
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Von Recklinghausen's Disease |
-rare autosomal disorder -abnormal pigmentation of the skin -numerous skin tumors -cafe-au-lait spots -tumors on spinal and cranial nerves |
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Noise-Induced Hearing Loss |
-gradual or sudden loss of high frequency hearing -destroyed hair cells -Temporary Threshold Shift (TSS) -feeling of fullness, ringing, difficulty understanding speech -caused by lawn mowers, motorcycles and portable listening devices |
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Cytolmegalovirus |
-causes permanent CNS problems -vision loss, hearing loss, brain damage -jaundice, low birth weight, enlarged spleen, liver problems -muscle aches, fever, fatigue -related to viruses that cause mono, chicken pox and herpes |
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Microtia/Atresia |
-malformation or incompletely formed ear canal -inner ear usually functional |
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Pendred Syndrome |
-autosomal recessive disorder -mutation of PDS gene -sudden or progressive hearing loss -thyroid enlargement -vestibular problems |
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Auditory Nerve Tumor |
-rare benign tumor on vestibulocochlear nerve -malfunctioning gene on chromosome 22 -unilateral SNHL in high frequencies -tinnitus -balance dysfunction -facial numbness/weakness |
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Apert Syndrome |
-rare genetic disorder -mutation on FGFR2 gene -abnormal skull growth/fusion -sunken middle face -wide-set bulging eyes -low set ears -fusion of fingers and toes |
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Auditory Neuropathy |
-signal in patient's ear not properly transmitted to the brain through the VIIIth cranial nerve -high level or red blood cells -anoxia -low birth weight -bilateral hearing loss -complication with speech perception |
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Otosclerosis |
-disease of the bones of the middle ear -stapes stuck in place and unable to vibrate -abnormal hardening of body tissue |
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Functional Non-Organic Hearing Loss |
-no organic basis to explain impairment -patient is likely feigning or exaggerating hearing impairment -tests performed show results that do not correspond with what the patient states |
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Premature birth |
-LBW lowers strength of immune system putting babies' hearing at risk -ototoxicity, noise exposure, jaundice |
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Stickler Syndrome |
-flattened facial features -prominent eyes -progressive HL -glaucoma or cataracts -retinal detachment |
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CHARGE Syndrome |
-evolves during embryonic development -hole in structures of eyes -blocked or narrowed nasal passage -ear malformations and HL -cranial abnormalities -heart disease -retarded growth and development |
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What are high risk factors for hearing loss (pediatric and adult)? |
Pediatrics: -family history of hearing loss in childhood -maternal infections during pregnancy -physical problems of head, face, ears or neck -ototoxicity -syndromes associated with HL -premature birth -hyperbilirubinemia Adults: -presbyacusis -occupational or recreational noise exposure -medication -illnesses |
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How is universal newborn hearing screening performed? |
-Automated ABR (AABR) -Otoacoustic Emissions (OAE) -Parent report -Immitance measures -Behavior Observation Audiometry (BOA) -sucking, eye widening, cry, startle, movement |
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What are some of the issues associated with cochlear implant candidacy? |
-ability with amplification -health/structural considerations -pt. age and onset of deafness -commitment -education program -financial considerations |
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What are some audiological referrals and patient recommendations? |
-ENT -Early intervention programs -school specialists -CI evaluation team -SLPs -Pediatricians -Psychological counseling -Second opinion |
