Healthy And Body Systems

Front 1

What is Reserve Capacity?

Back 1

the ability of the body organs and systems to put forth much more effort under times of stress.
-helps preserve homeostasis ( the maintenance of vital functions within their optimal range).

Front 2

What does the Skeletal system consist of and what are the age related changes?

Back 2

Skeletal System: Consists of bones, joints, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons.

Age related changes:
1. loss of mass and elasticity of muscles
-results in loss of height, loss of mobility and flexibility, strength, bones become brittle

2. loss of bone mass: compounded by loss of estrogen in women (during menopause).

Front 3

Disorder of skeletal systems?

Back 3

Osteoporosis: disorder in which the bones become extremely thin and brittle
walking and lifting 20lbs a day reduces risk.

Front 4

Cardiovascular systems changes

Back 4

Anxious people have a lot of hostility that produce high blood pressure.

Age related changes include:
1. heart is a muscle and loses mass and elasticity.
2. walls of blood vessels lose elasticity.
3. Lipids accumulate on the walls of the blood vessels.
In result: heart doesn't beat as efficiently so it has to beat harder

Disorders: hypertension
-myocardial infarction (heart attack)

Front 5

Respiratory system and age related changes and disorders

Back 5

age related changes:
1. Loss of maximum breathing capacity drops to 40% by age 70.

2. Loss of of cilia- tiny hairs

results in:
-less oxygen taken into the blood
- less efficient filtering air
- putting elderly at risk for the flu pollution

Disorders include:
-sleep apnea: halt in breathing for 10 seconds or more
- emphysema: irreversible disease which causes the destruction of lung tissue.

Front 6

immune system and its age related changes, disorders

Back 6

Thymus shrinks and there is a decrease in hormones produced in the thymus.
heightened autoimmunity: releases immune system antibodies that destroys its own cells
- results in:
• susceptibility to viruses and bacteria
• weakening of the immune system
- Disorders of Immune System:
•diabetes: Type II (cells lose ability to use insulin the body produces)
• AIDS: diagnosis is later in progress of disease cause is more often by blood transfusion than lifestyle.

Front 7

The Nervous system and its age related changes and disorders.

Back 7

Age related changes:
- weight loss in the brain
- Neurons decline in number but dendritic sprouting occurs
- Autonomic Nervous system declines

Results in:
-increasing problems w/balance, coordination, slowing of responses (cerebellum)
- intellectual performance
- withstanding. extreme temperatures (hypothalamus)

-Disorders of the Nervous system:
Dementia: a syndrome characterized by cognitive and behavioral deficits.